Marine sponges are frequently inhabited by a wide range of associated invertebrates, including caridean shrimps. Symbiotic shrimps are often considered to be commensals; however, in most cases, the relationship with sponge hosts remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that sponge-inhabiting shrimps are often parasites adapted to consumption of sponge tissues. First, we provide detailed examination...

Abstract The impact of deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia is a global concern, and land occupation public lands contributes to increased rates. Little known about the spread landholdings undesignated located on cattle-ranching frontiers. We use case Matupi District, hotspot along Transamazon Highway southern portion Brazil’s state Amazonas, where spontaneous squatters grabbers are main actors ...

The rental of houses is a common economic activity. However, there are many inconveniences that arise when renting property. lack trust between the landlord and tenant due to fraud or squatters makes it necessary involve third parties minimize risk. A blockchain (such as Ethereum) provides an ideal solution act low-cost intermediary. This paper proposes use non-fungible tokens (NFTs) based on E...

In May 1830, the U.S. House of Representatives narrowly passed the Indian Removal Act that authorized the president of the United States to exchange land west of the Mississippi River for Indian land in the east and appropriated $500,000 to assist tribes in the move west. Three days later the House also passed the Preemption Act of 1830, giving squatters a right of first refusal to purchase lan...

PROBLEM/CONTEXT The Pacific island nation of Fiji Islands has high rates of endemic typhoid fever which is difficult to diagnose and often underreported. However, the majority of cases are preventable through use of safe water; adequate sanitation; vaccination; and, most sustainable of all, simple hygienic behaviour, such as hand washing with soap (HWWS). Despite many attempts by public health ...

SETTING A large, impoverished squatters' settlement (favela), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. OBJECTIVE To assess the community impact of active case finding for tuberculosis (TB) compared to an enhanced case-finding strategy. DESIGN A pair-matched, cluster-randomized trial comparing household symptom screening and spot sputum collection (Arm 1) vs. distribution of an educational pamphlet (Arm 2) w...

Major deviation Participation in housing-delivery strategies is a major deviation from the cornerstone of modernist theories and practices in architecture. In Kenya, modern development models adopted in housing delivery have proved inadequate to meeting the demand for urban housing. This shortfall has been reflected both in the quality and in the number of available houses. It has led to the pr...

Increasing Urbanization and Industrialization is resulting in accelerating the growth of existing urban centers and causing faster rate of spatial Sprawl. Because of Sprawl of Urban centers, the increase of Population in hazardous areas and large-scale land conversion are matters growing concern. In particular urbanization in developing countries has produced large concentration of urban squatt...

The article attempts to outline the incidents and conflicts that took place in life of Polish paramilitary organizations Volyn 1921–1939. It was established most common form resistance immigrants by local population attacks on colonists' farms. a large number among Ukrainian youth fell Rifle Union. is noted military emigrants themselves were often aggressors relation population. From very begin...