Aims: To evaluate the safety, effectiveness, success rate and complications of needle knife precut papillotomy for inaccessible bile duct after failed pancreatic ducts access. Methods: Selective common bile duct cannulation was required for 582 patients from November 2004 to May 2008. Precut sphincterotomy was performed in 28 patients (16 male, 12 female; mean age 71). When standard bile duct c...

To identify factors involved in choledocholithiasis, clinical characteristics were studied using univariate and multivariate analyses. Factors involved in recurrence were also investigated. The subjects consisted of 51 patients with calcium bilirubinate stones (B group) and 52 patients with cholesterol stones (C group). All patients had choledocholithiasis and underwent lithotripsy by endoscopi...

The present paper reports on the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the flow and thermal fields generated by the large-eddy simulation (LES) of a square ribbed duct heated by a constant heat flux applied over the bottom surface of the duct. PCA allows to understand the complexity of the resulting turbulent heat transfer process, identifying the flow and thermal quantities whic...

In order to investigate the supersonic internal flows with shock waves, a new supersonic wind tunnel (pressure-vacuum type, Mach 2.0 and 4.0) was designed and constructed in Muroran Institute of Technology. This paper describes firstly outlines of the new Mach 4 supersonic wind tunnel, and describes secondly the location, structure and characteristics of the Mach 2 and 4 pseudo-shock waves in a...

This paper investigates the flow characteristics along a ribbed square duct using time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number, defined by main velocity (1.82 m/s) and hydraulic diameter (80 mm), is 10 000. rotation numbers are 0, 0.13, 0.26, 0.39, 0.52. blockage aspect ratios of 0.1 1, respectively. As number increases, recirculation zone on suction side becomes larger, reatta...

Numerical solution for steady MHD flow of liquid metal through a square duct under the action of strong transverse magnetic field has been investigated. The walls of the duct are considered to be electrically insulated as well as isothermal. The numerical solutions for velocity and temperature distributions have been obtained by finite difference method. The solutions for different values of Ha...

Microscale fluid dynamics has received intensive interest due to the emergence of MicroElectro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. When the mean free path of the gas is comparable to the channel’s characteristic dimension, the continuum assumption is no longer valid and a velocity slip may occur at the duct walls. Non-circular cross sections are common channel shapes that can be produced by m...