Underwater cameras are typically placed behind glass windows to protect them from the water. Spherical glass, a dome port, is well suited for high water pressures at great depth, allows large field of view, and avoids refraction if pinhole camera positioned exactly sphere's center. Adjusting real lens perfectly center challenging task, both in terms how actually guide centering process (e.g. vi...

Introduction: In October 2004, SAR imaging from Cassini’s TA encounter uncovered features suggestive of cryovolcanic constructs on Titan, including flows, sinuous channels, and the 180 km structure Ganesa Macula [1]. Ganesa Macula is a radar-dark, circular feature with bright flanks, sinuous channels, and a bright region in the center that may be a central depression. In many ways, Ganesa Macul...

mosque architecture is considered as a potent visual symbol of the islamic architects’ design ability. prayer-hall as the manifestation of equality between the believers and the unity of architectural space has challenged such an ability throughout the history. this study, considering the characteristics of light-openings in the domes of iranian mosques’ prayer-hall, aims to investigate these d...

Economy and safety are two important components in structural design process and stablishing a balance between them indeed results in improved structural performance specially in large-scale structures including space lattice domes. Topology optimization of geometrically nonlinear single-layer lamella, network, and geodesic lattice domes is implemented using enhanced colliding-bodies optimizati...