The objective of this study was to establish the rate at which predatory leeches consume tubificid worms, at worm population densities simulating those of Cleveland Harbor. Two common species of leeches from Lake Erie were studied, Helobdella stagnalis and Erpobdella punctata. A mixed population of tubificids, mostly Limnodrilus hojfmeisteri, Limnodrilus cervix and Peloscolex multisetosus were ...

Municipal GIS Implementations: Top-down vs. Bottom-up Track: State and Local Government Author(s): Haiqing Xu There are always cases that spatial data is needed for one-time use only or by a smaller group of people. For example, spatial data collected from sample surveys often becomes outdated very soon but may be critical for a specific decision-making process. On the other hand, there are alw...

The transformation of waves is one of the important subjects in coastal engineering studies. Refraction, diffraction, shoaling, reflection can be analysed with the mild slope equation over mild sloped topographies. But the extended mild slope equation can be applied to the rapidly varying topographies since it includes higher order bottom effects such as square of bottom slope and bottom curvat...

In the present paper, natural convection fluid flow and heat transfer in a square cavity heated from below and cooled from sides and the ceiling with a thin fin attached to its hot bottom wall is investigated numerically. The right and the left walls of the cavity, as well as its horizontal top wall are maintained at a constant temperature Tc, while the bottom wall is kept at a constant tempera...

The present paper reports on the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the flow and thermal fields generated by the large-eddy simulation (LES) of a square ribbed duct heated by a constant heat flux applied over the bottom surface of the duct. PCA allows to understand the complexity of the resulting turbulent heat transfer process, identifying the flow and thermal quantities whic...

Unsteady mixed convection flows in a lid-driven square cavity filled with a fluid-saturated porous medium is investigated numerically. The two vertical walls of the enclosure are insulated while the bottom wall is cooled. The top wall is heated sinusoidally and moving at a constant speed. The governing equations are solved numerically by using finite volume method with SIMPLE algorithm. The res...

Page 1 of 4 Technical editor: Jackie Annis [email protected] (+44 (0)20 7383 6658) Please note: This paper contains visible codes for electronic publishing. These will not appear in the final version and alignment of tables will be improved. • Please check that all queries to author [in bold type and square brackets] have been answered, including those in the references and tables. Please do not r...

Conjugate natural convection-conduction heat transfer in a square enclosure with a finite wall thickness is studied numerically in the present paper. The governing parameters considered are the Rayleigh number (5 × 10(3) ≤ Ra ≤ 10(6)), the wall-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio (0.5 ≤ Kr ≤ 10), and the ratio of wall thickness to its height (0.2 ≤ D ≤ 0.4). The staggered grid arrangement toget...

A probe-fed circularly polarized stacked patch antenna is presented and simulated by using Commercial Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator. The design consists of two patches and two substrates. The bottom patch is square-shaped where as the top patch is of triangularshaped. T-shaped slots parallel to the edges of the patches are inserted so that bandwidth can be improved. Enhancement of t...

Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel diodes on a variety of high and low work function metals with various levels of root-mean-square roughness are fabricated using high quality atomic layer deposited Al2O3 as the insulating tunnel barrier. It is found that electrode surface roughness can dominate the current versus voltage characteristics of MIM diodes, even overwhelming the impact of metal work...