A spray track was designed and built to conduct replicated laboratory and field studies to compare different nozzle configurations on the ability of each to achieve lower canopy spray coverage. The purpose was to determine which nozzles might be more affective in preventing or controlling Asian Soybean Rust. Twenty nozzle types were compared in the lab and twelve nozzle types were compared in t...

Invasive plant management is often justified in terms of conservation goals, yet progress is rarely assessed against these broader goals, instead focussing on short-term reductions of the invader as a measure of success. Key questions commonly remain unanswered including whether invader removal reverses invader impacts and whether management itself has negative ecosystem impacts. We addressed t...

In sandy soils of the southeastern USA coastal plains, crop production is limited by low water holding capacity and compacted soil layers that reduce root growth and productivity. Polyacrylamide (PAM) was added to sandy coastal plain soils to improve physical properties and yield. Soils were amended with linear and cross-linked PAMs. Treatments and controls included the following: (1) spraying ...

black seed is one of important ancient medicinal plants with various properties in traditional medicine. in order to evaluate microelements (fe and zn) effects on seed yield and yield components of black seed in salinity stress, a complete block design with three replications was conducted in esfahan agricultural and natural resources center during 2013-2014. three water salinity treatments wer...

A group of legumes generically known as brooms are among the most successful shrubs invading grasslands in South America and other regions. These species share a set of biological features that enhance their invasiveness, such as abundant and long-lasting seed banks, aggressive root systems and rapid growth, combined with their ability for re-sprouting after cutting or burning and for avoiding ...

OBJECTIVE To assess household acceptability and perceived side effects of residual indoor pyrethroid (PYR), carbamate and organophosphate insecticides sprayed by annual rotation (ROT), spatial mosaic (MOS), and a single insecticide (DDT or PYR) in communities of the coastal plain of Chiapas, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS A questionnaire to assess the acceptability and perceived side effects of...

Indoor residual spraying—spraying insecticide inside houses to kill mosquitoes—is an important method for controlling malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa. We propose a mathematical model for both regular and non-fixed spraying, using impulsive differential equations. First, we determine the stability properties of the nonimpulsive system. Next, we derive minimal effective spraying intervals a...

abstract- a real-time, site-specific, machine-vision based, inter-row patch herbicide application system was developed and evaluated. the image resolution was 640 × 480 pixels covering a total area of 350 mm x 240 mm of a field composed of four quadrants of 350 mm x 60 mm each. the image frames were processed by labview® and matlab®. the developed algorithm, based on weed coverage ratio and seg...

The concentration of anthocyanins in fruits of "Assaria" pomegranate, a sweet Portuguese cultivar typically grown in Algarve (south Portugal), was monitored during storage under different conditions. The fruits were exposed to cold storage ( $5^{\circ}$ C) after the following treatments: spraying with wax; spraying with $1.5$ % CaCl(2); spraying with wax and $1.5$ % CaCl(2); covering boxes with...