Annulus cells of fern sporangia spontaneously deform driven by water transpiration and cavitation, resulting in the peculiar macroscale catapult-like movement sporangium. cells' behavior, if artificially replicated, can inspire a novel class fast actuators composed annulus-mimicking units. However, cavitation-driven dynamics observed annulus is never reproduced. Here, prismatic microcavities ar...

Two morphological types of Bacillus popilliae, causal agent of the milky disease, have been isolated from taro beetles (Papuana spp, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). B. popilliae from P. woodlarkiana woodlarkiana (Papua New Guinea) was a type A1 with a small sporangium (4.1 x 1.6 microm) and a large spore (2.1 x 1.4 microm) and parasporal body (1.8 x 1.2 microm) that sometimes overlap. B. popilliae f...

Recent advances in plant developmental genetics together with rapid accumulation of transcriptomic data on plants from divergent lineages provide an exciting opportunity to explore the evolution morphology. To understand leaf origin sporophytes land plants, we have combined available molecular and structural development leaves different morphologies lineages: clubmosses, spikemosses, leptospora...

Proteins containing both FYVE and serine/threonine kinase catalytic (STKc) domains are exclusive to protists. However, the biological function of these proteins in oomycetes has rarely been reported. In Phytophthora sojae genome database, we identified five STKc domains, which named PsZFPK1, PsZFPK2, PsZFPK3, PsZFPK4, PsZFPK5. this study, characterized PsZFPK1 using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene ...

Abstract Brassica juncea var . tumida (tumorous stem mustard) is widely cultivated as a feature vegetable in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, and used raw material for pickles China. White blister rust, caused by Albugo candida , has severe negative effects on tumorous mustard, resulting significant economic losses. In this study, hypha colonization extension, haustorial formation, the development pr...

Pharmacognostical evaluation of leaves Adiantum lunulatum is done for identification in field and differentiation from other species Adiantum. Methods: A detailed literary work drug studied its pharmacognostical, phytochemical analytical study including powder microscopy taste determination with suitable instruments. Results: Macroscopic reveals the pinnacles are half moon shaped, alternate, su...

Research in plant disease management focuses on developing safe methods for humans and the environment in order to prevent the entry of harmful chemicals in food. Simple inorganic salts have low cost and are safe enough to be used as pesticides. Phytophthora genus causes crown and root rot (gummosis) in crops and leads to great losses in some pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) produ...