OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) have proven effects in pathogenesis of neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). Current study is designed to evaluate the effects of an anti-TNF-α agent, adalimumab, on spinal cord clip compression injury in rats. METHODS Thirty two male adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups (sham, trauma, infliximab, and adalimumab groups) and ...

objective(s):spinal cord injury (sci) often causes serious and irreversible neurological deficit leading to disability or impairment of normal physical activity. atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine transporter (net) inhibitor has gained much attention in the field of the neurodevelopmental disorder, but its effect on sci has not been evaluated. the present study has been undertaken to inves...

We review the current knowledge concerning clinical applications of the advanced technique of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the spinal cord. Due to technical difficulties, DTI has rarely been used in spinal cord diseases. However, in our opinion it is potentially a very useful method in diagnosis of the different pathological processes of the spinal cord an...

The spinal cord is a structure which is peculiarly prone to marked loss of function when compressed. The numerous conditions which may result in pressure upon the spinal cord and consequent loss of function include intervertebral discs, osteophytic bars, tumours, haematomas, and, of course, trauma. Arachnoid calcification is a very rare and disputed cause of spinal cord compression, but the cas...

QUESTION 4: (spinal cord injury OR spinal cord injuries OR spinal cord trauma OR paraplegia OR tetraplegia OR paraparesis OR tetraparesis) AND (osteoporosis OR bone loss OR bone demineralization OR bone density OR rarefaction) AND (physical therapy modalities OR recreation therapy OR exercise OR physical exercise OR physical activity OR physical activities OR movement OR exercise training OR ae...

Spinal cord disorders encompass a wide range of pathologic entities and affect all age groups. Some spinal cord disorders may have catastrophic outcomes if they are not recognized early in the clinical course. The ultimate neurologic outcome with many of these disorders may depend on expeditious recognition in the emergency department (ED), with appropriate initial investigations, neuroimaging,...

Only a few studies have considered changes in brain structures other than sensory and motor cortex after spinal cord injury, although cognitive impairments have been reported in these patients. Spinal cord injury results in chronic brain neuroinflammation with consequent neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in rodents. Regarding the hippocampus, neurogenesis is reduced and reactive gliosis i...

Of all spinal cord injuries, 60% involve the cervical spine. In recent years the proportion of cervical cord injuries has increased and is now the most common reason for admission to specialised spinal hospital units. A third of patients are transported to hospital without prior immobilisation of the neck. The effect of the initial trauma is irreversible, but the spinal cord is at risk by injud...

An animal model of spinal cord trauma is essential for understanding the injury mechanisms, cord regeneration, and to aid the development of new therapeutic modalities. This study focused on the development of a graded experimental contusion model for spinal cord injury (SCI) using a pneumatic impact device made in Korea. A contusive injury was made to the dorsal aspect of the cord. Three traum...

one of the most important factors responsible for axonal degeneration following spinal cord trauma is ischemia produced by cord compression. previous studies have revealed that omental transposition upon the injured site of the spinal cord could be beneficial in the induction of partial improvement of neuroelectrical and motor function in laboratory animals. the purpose of this study is to veri...