Reduced spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (i.e., ischemia) plays a key role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology and is accordingly an important target for neuroprotective therapies. Although several techniques have been described to assess SCBF, they all have significant limitations. To overcome the latter, we propose the use of real-time contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEU)...

Opérant conditioning of the spinal stretch reflex or its electrical analog, the H-reflex, is a new model for exploring the mechanisms of long-term supraspinal control over spinal cord function. Primates and rats can gradually increase (HRup conditioning mode) or decrease (HRdown conditioning mode) the H-reflex when reward is based on H-reflex amplitude. An earlier study indicated that HRdown co...

Source of Remyelinating Oligodendrocytes p. 113 The Role of Astrocytes in the Remyelination of Glia-free Areas of Demyelination p. 125 Dynamic Aspects of Sodium Channel Expression in Astrocytes p. 135 Spinal Cord Injury: Physiology and Transplantation p. 157 Adaptive Plasticity in Spinal Cord p. 163 Inhibitory Control of Reflex Excitability Following Contusion Injury and Neural Tissue Transplan...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in neural loss and consequently motor and sensory impairment below the injury. There are currently no effective therapies for the treatment of traumatic SCI in humans. Various animal models have been developed to mimic human SCI. Widely used animal models of SCI are complete or partial transection or experimental contusion and compression, with both bearing cont...

This study tried to quantify spinal cord perfusion by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in rhesus monkey models with acute spinal cord injury. Acute spinal cord perfusion after injury was detected by CEUS, coupling with conventional ultrasound (US) and Color Doppler US (CDFI). Time-intensity curves and perfusion parameters were obtained by autotracking contrast quantification (ACQ) soft...

OBJECTIVE Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) is a promising method for reanimating paralyzed limbs following neurological injury. ISMS within the cervical and lumbar spinal cord is capable of evoking a variety of highly-functional movements prior to injury, but the ability of ISMS to evoke forelimb movements after cervical spinal cord injury is unknown. Here we examine the forelimb movements a...

OBJECTIVE Several interventions promote axonal growth and functional recovery when initiated shortly after central nervous system injury, including blockade of myelin-derived inhibitors with soluble Nogo receptor (NgR1, RTN4R) decoy protein. We examined the efficacy of this intervention in the much more prevalent and refractory condition of chronic spinal cord injury. METHODS We eliminated th...

Cell transplantation as a treatment for spinal cord injury is a promising therapeutic strategy whose effective clinical application would be facilitated by non-invasive delivery protocols. Cells derived from the bone marrow are particularly attractive because they can be obtained easily, expanded to large numbers and potentially used for autologous as well as allogeneic transplantation. In this...

enhanced neuropathic pain following intraspinaly injection of schwann cells in contusion model of spinal cord injury     pourheydar b [1] *, joghataei mt [2] , najafzadeh n [3]     received: 6 nov , 2011 accepted: 20 jan , 2012     abstract   background & aims : spinal cord injury (sci) leads to sensorimotor deficits and neuropathic pain (np). cell therapy is a common method for treatment of sc...