Rapid and implicit letter-to-sound conversion is a remarkable ability that develops during school years, which reflected in the left lateralization of print-tuned N170 event-related potential. Previous studies have shown elementary children learning alphabetic scripts elicit bilateral N170, reflects their underdeveloped phonological processing. However, Japanese hiragana, has better letter–soun...

Tinnitus is an auditory disorder very difficult to treat. Whereas up until now there not a “cure” for tinnitus, the most extended treatment combines counselling with sound therapy. When this broadband noise in audio frequency band, protocol named tinnitus retraining Even though was proposed at beginning as stimulus therapy, many other sounds have been subsequently and used, including tones, ban...

In order to examine the encoding of partial silence included in a sound stimulus in neural representation, time flow of the sound representations was investigated using mismatch negativity (MMN), an ERP component that reflects neural representation in auditory sensory memory. Previous work suggested that time flow of auditory stimuli is compressed in neural representations. The stimuli used wer...

Seeing the image of a newscaster on a television set causes us to think that the sound coming from the loudspeaker is actually coming from the screen. How images capture sounds is mysterious because the brain uses different methods for determining the locations of visual versus auditory stimuli. The retina senses the locations of visual objects with respect to the eyes, whereas differences in s...

Previous studies have shown that the playing of thunderstorm recordings during an open-field task elicits fearful or anxious responses in adult beagles. The goal of our study was to apply this open field test to assess sound-induced behaviors in Labrador retrievers drawn from a pool of candidate improvised explosive devices (IED)-detection dogs. Being robust to fear-inducing sounds and recoveri...

Although hearing has been described for many underwater species, there is much debate regarding if and how cephalopods detect sound. Here we quantify the acoustic sensitivity of the longfin squid (Loligo pealeii) using near-field acoustic and shaker-generated acceleration stimuli. Sound field pressure and particle motion components were measured from 30 to 10,000 Hz and acceleration stimuli wer...

In 1890, William James hypothesized that emotions are our perception of physiological changes. Many different theories of emotion have emerged since then, but it has been demonstrated that a specifically induced physiological state can influence an individual's emotional responses to stimuli. In the present study, auditory and/or vibrotactile heartbeat stimuli were presented to participants (N ...