The research aimed to produce new genotypes by hybridization. It was conducted in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat from 2016 to 2018. Four varieties of gladiolus including Amsterdam, White Prosperity, Advance Red and Rose Supreme were chosen for hybridization. The progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest heritability in...

In this paper we prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of the classical chain rule in the Sobolev space W 1,1 loc ( R ;R ) and in the space of functions of bounded variation BVloc ( R ;R ) .

The expression of sexual signals is often phenotypically plastic and also evolves rapidly. Few studies have considered the possibility that proximate determination -- the pathway between genes and trait expression -- may also be subject to both phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary change. We examined long-term patterns in size, condition- and age-dependence, repeatability and heritability of ...

The rapid accumulation of genomic data has led to an explosion of studies searching for signals of past selection left within DNA sequences. Yet the majority of theoretical studies investigating the traces of selection have assumed a simple form of selection, without interactions among selectively fixed sites. Fitness interactions-'epistasis'-are commonplace, however, and take on a myriad of fo...

Phenotypic plasticity and its evolution may help evolutionary rescue in a novel and stressful environment, especially if environmental novelty reveals cryptic genetic variation that enables the evolution of increased plasticity. However, the environmental stochasticity ubiquitous in natural systems may alter these predictions, because high plasticity may amplify phenotype-environment mismatches...

Recall that a function u is harmonic (superharmonic, subharmonic) in an open set U ⊂ Rn (n ≥ 1) if u ∈ C2(U) and Δu = 0 (Δu ≤ 0,Δu ≥ 0) on U . Denote by H(U) the space of harmonic functions in U and SH(U) (sH(U)) the subset of C2(U) consisting of superharmonic (subharmonic) functions in U . If A ⊂ Rn is Lebesgue measurable, L1(A) denotes the space of Lebesgue integrable functions on A and |A| d...

It was claimed by variationists that languages experience variation at all levels, which is supposed to be patterned. The present study aimed at exploring how variation occurred in English and Persian wh-questions. More specifically, it investigated whether such a variation was systematic and patterned. To this end, a modified version of the Edinburgh Map Task was used in data collection. The p...