The transport of solutes and colloids in porous media is influenced by a variety of physical and chemical nonequilibrium processes. A combined physical-chemical nonequilibrium (PCNE) model was therefore used to describe general mass transport. The model partitions the pore space into "mobile" and "immobile" flow regions with first-order mass transfer between these two regions (i.e, "physical" n...

Membrane-interaction [MI]-QSAR analysis, which includes descriptors explicitly derived from simulations of solutes [drugs] interacting with phospholipid membrane models, was used to construct QSAR models for human oral intestinal drug absorption. A data set of 188 compounds, which are mainly drugs, was divided into a parent training set of 164 compounds and a test set of 24 compounds. Stable, b...

Sub-ambient methods have been used widely in gas chromatography to focus or trap migrating analyte peaks. The procedure has been applied to both packed and open-tubular traps. The packed sorbent or the inner wall surface of the open tube upon which the solute condenses merely provides a support phase that physically retains the solute. In this mode, the cold region is able to retain volatile co...

A 10 wt.% nickel-steel has been developed for high pressures and low-temperature applications, due to its strength, excellent toughness, low ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). Under dynamic loading conditions this steel is, however, prone shear localization that manifests as adiabatic bands (ASBs). The increases thermoplastic microstructural evolution in the ASB are studied detai...

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) putatively involves a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB). In particular, the importance of brain-to-blood transport of brain-derived metabolites across the BBB has gained increasing attention as a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD, which is characterized by the aberrant polymerization and accumulatio...

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a prevalent neurotransmitter throughout the animal kingdom. It exerts its effect through the specific binding to the serotonin receptor, but recent research has suggested that neural transmission may also be affected by its nonspecific interactions with the lipid matrix of the synaptic membrane. However, membrane-5-HT interactions remain controversial an...

Atom-probe tomography, transmission electron-microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and firstprinciples calculations were employed to study the (i) compositional evolution of GPII-zones and "!-precipitates, and (ii) solute segregation at !-Al/"!-interfaces in Al-4 wt. % Cu alloys. GPII zones are observed for aging at 438 K for 8 h, whereas higher aging temperatures, 463 K for 8 h and 533 K for 4 h, rev...