The primary functions of venoms from solitary and social wasps are different. Whereas most solitary wasps sting their prey to paralyze and preserve it, without killing, as the provisions for their progeny, social wasps usually sting to defend their colonies from vertebrate predators. Such distinctive venom properties of solitary and social wasps suggest that the main venom components are likely...

We examine the dynamics of two bright solitary waves with a negative nonlinear term. The observed repulsion between two solitary waves – when these are in an antisymmetric combination – is attributed to conservation laws. Slight breaking of parity, in combination with weak relaxation of energy, leads the two solitary waves to merge. The effective repulsion between solitary waves requires certai...

Solitons or solitary waves are large-amplitude excitations with finite spatial widths 15 which are found in certain nonlinear systems and which can propagate over long distances without changing their shapes. Solitary waves also have the property that, although they may interact strongly with other solitary waves, they emerge from the interaction intact. The first report of the observation of a...

In this article, we put a direct method to construct the rational solitary wave solutions for some nonlinear differential difference equations in mathematical physics which may be called the rational solitary wave difference method. We use the proposed method to construct the rational solitary exact solutions for some nonlinear differential difference equations via the lattice equation, the dis...

We consider the solitary wave solutions of a Korteweg-de Vries equation, where the coefficients in the equation vary with time over a certain region. When these coefficients vary rapidly compared with the solitary wave, then it is well-known that the solitary wave may fission into two or more solitary waves. On the other hand, when these coefficients vary slowly, the solitary wave deforms adiab...

abstract a solitary plasmacytoma of bone occurs in approximately 2-5% of patients with myeloma. the lesion mostly found in the axial skeleton and have infrequently been reported to arise in the hand, and usually occur in the distal phalanges. we report the interesting case of a 75-year-old man who developed a solitary lytic lesion of the thumb proximal phalanx. this lesion was explored through ...

eosinophilic granuloma is benign end of the spectrum of the langerhans cell histiocytosis (lch) which is characterized by solitary or multiple lesions in bones, skin, lung, lymph node etc. here, we present a case of a 13-year old boy with pain and swelling in the right parietal region of skull with no other complaint. a computerized tomography (ct) scan and subsequent fine needle aspiration cyt...

introduction: this study was conducted at the department of ear, nose, throat, head and neck surgery, post graduate medical institute lady reading hospital peshawar. the duration of the study was one year from june 17, 2009 to june 16, 2010. the sample size was 82 patients with solitary thyroid nodule, fulfilling the inclusion criteria. after taking detailed history, thorough examination, relev...

in this work, we successfully construct the new exact traveling wave solutions ofthe generalized sinh–gordon equation by new application of the homogeneousbalance method. the idea introduced in this paper can be applied to othernonlinear evolution equations.

Background: Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor was rare. However, most intracranial solitary fibrous tumors are benign, cerebral solitary fibrous tumor with malignant transformation was even more unusual. Case present: Herein, we presented a 55 year-old-male who was diagnosed intracranial solitary fibrous tumor five years ago. Partial tumor excision was performed via the pterional craniotomy. ...