Poor stability of organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials in humid condition has hindered the success of perovskite solar cells in real applications since controlled atmosphere is required for device fabrication and operation, and there is a lack of effective solutions to this problem until now. Here we report the use of lead (II) thiocyanate (Pb(SCN)2) precursor in preparing perovskite s...

At present the problems of the radiation transfer theory in the cloudy atmosphere have not been completely developed. However, a series of problems is available, which can be solved only as a result of complex experimental measurements of spectral, radiation, thermodynamic, microphysical, and other characteristics of cloudiness. In particular, cloudiness is During the experiments carried out in...

Satellite-derived assessments of surface downwelling solar irradiance are more and more used by engineering companies in solar energy. To increase performances, work is on going in the framework of the MACC project funded by the European commission, to improve both the modeling of the radiative transfer and the quality of the inputs describing the optical state of the atmosphere. The present st...

A refined photographic system for solar aureole measurements is described in which a neutral density filter occulting disk blocks the direct sunlight. Experimental data for solar aureoles are presented for several wavelengths from 309 nm to 640 nm and solar zenith angles of up to 88 degrees . The results are compared with a modified single scattering calculation that includes corrections for Ra...

Two examples of explosive events observed with SUMER in transition region spectral lines are reported here; one detected in C iv 1548 Å, in a region within the northern polar coronal hole, and the other in O vi 1032 Å, in an active region. The event measured in C iv lasted ∼ 3 min and extended approximately a region of 8 arc sec along the slit (N-S) and 8 arc sec in the E-W direction. Velocitie...

Three kinds of magnetic couplings in the quiet solar atmosphere are highlighted and discussed, all fundamentally connected to the Lorentz force. First the coupling of the convecting and overshooting fluid in the surface layers of the Sun with the magnetic field. Here, the plasma motion provides the dominant force, which shapes the magnetic field and drives the surface dynamo. Progress in the un...

The observations indicate the existence of linear polarization in the hydrogen Hα spectral line observed during the solar flare events. This emission of polarized radiation is of the order of 5% and is usually explained as a consequence of collisions of hydrogen atoms with the beam of fast protons coming from coronal regions. This article presents a brief overview of the recent solar flare pola...

Wecontinue studying the small-scale topologyof dynamical phenomena in the quiet-sun internetwork atmosphere through statistical estimation of the co-location probability of different fine-structure elements and wave modes. In this paper we chart spatial alignments between the granular brightness structuring of the photosphere, Ca ii K2V brightness patterns in the chromosphere, and wave amplitud...

There is increasingly strong observational evidence that slow magnetoacoustic modes arise in the solar atmosphere, either as propagating or standing waves. Sunspots, coronal plumes and coronal loops all appear to support slow modes. Here we examine theoretically how the slow mode may be extracted from the magnetohydrodynamic equations, considering the special case of a vertical magnetic field i...

High–resolution ultraviolet (UV) spectra of the outer solar atmosphere show transient brightenings often referred to as explosive events. These are localized regions of small spatial extent that show sudden enhancements in the intensities of lines formed between 20,000 and 200,000 K, accompanied by strong non-gaussian profiles. The present work is an attempt to extract observational consequence...