The usefulness of mixtures (multiline cultivars and cultivar mixtures) for disease management has been well demonstrated for rusts and powdery mildews of small grain crops. Such mixtures are more useful under some epidemiological conditions than under others, and experimental methodology, especially problems of scale, may be crucial in evaluating the potential efficacy of mixtures on disease. T...

Brown stem rot (BSR) caused by Cadophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola (syn. Phialophora gregata) is a serious soilborne disease of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) in Japan. Cultivation of resistant cultivars is the most effective disease control method, therefore the selection of resistant lines is a priority for breeders. BSR-resistant adzuki bean lines have been screened in pathogen-infected field...

The effects of silicon (Si) amendment have been studied in several plant/pathogen interactions; however, studies in horticultural tree crops are limited. Effects of amendment with soluble potassium silicate (AgSil®32, approximately 30% available Si), or milled cement building board by-products (Mineral Mulch (MM) or Mineral Dust (MD), containing 5% available Si) were investigated in field and g...

Plant tissue colonization by Trichoderma atroviride plays a critical role in the reduction of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, but this process has not been thoroughly studied in situ. We monitored in situ interactions between gfp-tagged biocontrol strains of T. atroviride and soilborne plant pathogens that were grown in cocultures and on cucumber seeds by confocal scanning laser micro...

Root diseases have long been prevalent in Australian grain-growing regions, and most management decisions to reduce the risk of yield loss need to be implemented before the crop is sown. The levels of pathogens that cause the major root diseases can be measured using DNA-based services such as PreDicta B. Although these pathogens are often studied individually, in the field they often occur as ...

The genus Rhizoctonia DC (1805) has long been studied as an important soilborne pathogen that causes a wide variety of symptoms because it is a non-specialized pathogen. Rhizoctonia sensu lato is characterized by the lack of conidiogenous cells and this taxon is composed of two groups based on the number of nuclei per cell: the multinucleate group that belongs to Rhizoctonia s. str. and the bin...

Rhizoctonia oryzae causes root rot and stunting of wheat, barley, and other small grains, and is widely distributed in eastern Washington State. The spatial distribution of both the pathogen and the disease were studied over two seasons in a 36-ha field north of Pullman, Wash. The field was direct seeded with spring barley in 2000, then divided and planted to winter wheat and spring wheat in 20...

Panax ginseng is a valuable medicinal plant which affected by many diseases during its long cultivation period. Ginseng root rot, caused Fusarium oxysporum, has become severe in China. This soilborne pathogen comprises formae speciales based on host specificity. Ten representative isolates from diseased rot showed pathogenicity ginseng. To identify the forma specialis of F. oxysporum strains, r...

Exserohilum species are soilborne fungi that have been uncommon causes of human disease. The ongoing outbreak in the United States warrants improved understanding of this pathogen. We systematically reviewed all cases of Exserohilum spp. infections published before the outbreak in 2012 in order to provide a better understanding of the organism and its wider spectrum of human disease. Cases of E...

Rhizoctonia solani is a ubiquitous basidiomycetous soilborne fungal pathogen causing damping-off of seedlings, aerial blights and postharvest diseases. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis a global approach based on analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was undertaken. To get broad gene-expression coverage, two normalized EST libraries were developed from mycelia g...