BACKGROUND Combinations of aspirin with thienopyridine derivatives (clopidogrel bisulfate or ticlopidine hydrochloride) and/or warfarin sodium are increasingly being used in various cardiac conditions. However, little is known about the bleeding risks associated with these combinations, particularly in elderly individuals at the population level. This study estimates the bleeding risks associat...

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy along with electrochemical measurements (CV and RDE) and previously published EQCN data provide further understanding of the nature of chloride poisoning on different faces/ sites of carbon supported platinum clusters (1-2 nm) in acidic medium (HClO4). Chloride is shown to adsorb in 3-fold sites on the Pt(111) faces at the investigated Clconcentrations (10-...

We reevaluate the absolute fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields of standard solutions by using a novel instrument developed for measuring the absolute emission quantum yields of solutions. The instrument consists of an integrating sphere equipped with a monochromatized Xe arc lamp as the light source and a multichannel spectrometer. By using a back-thinned CCD (BT-CCD) as the detecto...

Although several methods for the preparation of 4o propargyl indole derivatives have been published, this synthetic transformation is complicated by the tendency of 3o propargyl alcohols to form allenium intermediates in acidic media.  It is therefore a challenge to find an efficient method for the C-3 propargylation of indoles with 3° propargylic alcohols.  In this pa...

epidermal growth factor (egf) is an important factor for healing after tissue damage in diverse experimental models. it plays an important role in liver regeneration (lr). the objective of this experiment is to investigate the methylation variation of 10 cpg sites in the egf promoter region and their relevance to egf expression during rat liver regeneration. as a follow up of our previous study...

The aim of this study was to evaluate two important aspects of patent applications of crystalline forms of drugs: (i) the physicochemical characterization of the crystalline forms; and (ii) the procedure for preparing crystals of the blockbuster drug clopidogrel. To this end, searches were conducted using online patent databases. The results showed that: (i) the majority of patent applications ...