Artificial surfaces are now an established alternative to grass (natural) surfaces in rugby union. Little is known, however, about their potential to reduce injury. This study characterises the spinal kinematics of rugby union hookers during scrummaging on third-generation synthetic (3G) and natural pitches. The spine was sectioned into five segments, with inertial sensors providing three-dimen...

Abstract The lack of turfgrass diversity in cool‐season sod production is related to information inefficiencies, such as the agronomic available on improved, low‐input species, fine fescues ( Festuca spp.). Collaborative research between Purdue University and Minnesota investigated influence species mixtures harvest (production strength) storage limitations sod. Field experiments were establish...

Pesticides applied to turf grass have been detected in surface waters raising concerns of their effect on water quality and interest in their source, hydrological transport and use of models to predict transport. TurfPQ, a pesticide runoff model for turf grass, predicts pesticide transport but has not been rigorously validated for larger storms. The objective of this study was to determine Turf...

Lawns require a steady supply of nitrogen (N) to maintain green color and seasonal shoot density. Excess N fertilization can lead surface groundwater contamination, suggesting need for alternative turf strategies that reduce the reliance on frequent applications. Grass-legume mixtures may be one solution since legumes, like white clover (Trifolium repens L.), biologically fix atmospheric add it...

This article reviews existing knowledge concerning the epidemiology, instruments and regulatory criteria currently used to evaluate artificial turf soccer pitches. Recent years have seen tremendous growth in the use of artificial turf as a playing surface for sports (rugby, soccer, American football...) and the problems traditionally associated with artificial turf and its relationship with a h...

BACKGROUND Patellar tendinopathy is common among athletes in jumping sports and in sports with prolonged repetitive stress of the knee extensor apparatus. The epidemiology in soccer is not well described. PURPOSE This study was undertaken to investigate and describe the epidemiology of patellar tendinopathy in elite male soccer players and evaluate potential risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Cohor...

Development of new tillers in smooth bromegrass is largely determinant, with synchronized elevation and Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) is poorly adapted to elongation of new apical meristems above the soil surmanagement-intensive rotational grazing because of slow and limited regrowth potential. In an effort to find existing germplasm with tolerface (Krause and Moser, 1977). Cutting ...