By examining the role research has played in eradication or regional elimination initiatives for three viral diseases--smallpox, poliomyelitis, and measles--we derive nine cross-cutting lessons applicable to malaria eradication. In these initiatives, some types of research commenced as the programs began and proceeded in parallel. Basic laboratory, clinical, and field research all contributed n...

This review evaluates current epidemiologic literature on health effects in relation to residence near landfill sites. Increases in risk of adverse health effects (low birth weight, birth defects, certain types of cancers) have been reported near individual landfill sites and in some multisite studies, and although biases and confounding factors cannot be excluded as explanations for these find...

Within the Kyoto Protocol, the clean development mechanism (CDM) is an instrument intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while assisting developing countries in achieving sustainable development, with the multiple goals of poverty reduction, environmental benefits and cost-effective emission reductions. The CDM allows for a small percentage of emission reduction credits to come from affor...

The purpose of the article is to comprehend specificity foreign experience integrate street art into cultural and artistic, social economic fields, figure out main directions interaction with commercial creative industries in Western Europe USA.
 methodology research based on culturological approach that allows combine art-specific sociologic methods integration fields.
 methodologic ...

in the mid 14th century, fars state was a suitable destination for immigrants from everywhere and various classes and nations, because of some reasons like the mongol invasion toward its surrounding in comparison to its security and stability, flourishing in the commerce and civil life in shiraz. so ethnologically, fars state had a complex combination of native zoroastrians, new converted musli...

Background: The international drug abuse standards were achieved by review of a vast meta-analysis in the world and released 2 years ago in Vienna. Review of national programs in recent 20 years and conformity of them is the main objective of this presentation. Methods: Based on research that was supported by UNODC and DCHQ, the demand reduction program in Iran at the mentioned time was studied...

Neuroscience has recently contributed a lot to the understanding of aesthetic experience features. Science, art and creativity are not really distinctively different entities. The parallelism seen between the properties of art and organizational principals of the brain has been highlighted through neuroaesthetic studies. Aesthetic as a subjective experience has comprehensively been studies thro...

This work has been hailed as the first comprehensive review of this world problem and a survey of its content reveals that this statement is not exaggerated. The author by training and experience is well fitted for such a task and has long had a major interest in this subject. Medical practitioners will have an especial interest in the excellent chapters on diagnosis and treatment while those i...

background: the international drug abuse standards were achieved by review of a vast meta-analysis in the world and released 2 years ago in vienna. review of national programs in recent 20 years and conformity of them is the main objective of this presentation. methods: based on research that was supported by unodc and dchq, the demand reduction program in iran at the mentioned time was studied...