With digitalization and the support of policies, creative industries have shown rapid growth in last 20 years. Open forms collective learning, user engagement social networks become popular to generate IPs values. Meanwhile, government policy can sectors through subsidies, regulations, standardization, protections at regional national levels. This paper aims explore role innovation from a macro...

The offshore wind is the sector of marine renewable energy with highest commercial development at present. margin to optimise foundations considerable, thus attracting both scientific and industrial community. Due complexity environment, foundation an turbine represents a considerable portion overall investment. An important part foundation’s costs relates scour protections, which prevent effec...

In this paper we review Fiji's social development policies and strategies in the postindependence period, drawing on various development plans. We conclude that Fiji has followed a fairly good set of social development strategies over the last 40 years. Education and health, which were prioritized from the colonial period, have received continued government commitment. The strategies and focuse...

Comparative social scientists have developed various arguments about the determinants of social policies, especially those connected with twentiethcentury "welfare states." Structure-functionalists argue that the social policies of modem nations necessarily converge due to an underlying logic of industrialism, while neo-Marxists treat such policies as state responses to the social reproduction ...

This paper compares the standard economic and a complementary socio-economic approach to the transition. While the economic approach looks at social problems from the outside and views them as costs of transition, the socio-economic approach looks at these problems from the inside and views them as a part of the changing social structure. Both approaches are used to analyze four frictions which...

In response to criticism of ethical review of a South African clinical trial, we contrast aspects of the United States Common Rule with South African research ethics requirements. In the USA the Common Rule does not apply to all health research and allows many exemptions from ethics review and waivers of informed consent. At a structural level research ethics review in South Africa is in many c...

Organized by three distinguished members of the JBS Editorial Board – Marc Bickle, PhD, of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (Germany); Hakim Djaballah, PhD, of Institut Pasteur Korea (South Korea); and Lorenz Martin Mayr, PhD, of AstraZeneca (UK) – this special issue demonstrates how RNAi is enjoying a revival of popularity and is increasingly being applied to dis...