© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Why do some neighborhoods have higher crime rates than others? What is it about certain communities that consistently generate high crime rates? These are the central questions of interest for social disorganization theory, a macro‐level perspective concerned with explaining the spatial distribution of crime across areas. ...

the old parts of the iranian cities, which have survived over the past few decades, are now suffering degradation due to the long-term lack of maintenance and conservation. based on the comprehensive approach to urban planning, despite the high social potentials of some of these deteriorated areas, in order to improve their physical quality; complete demolition is the ultimate suggested solutio...

introduction: based on human studies, inequality and social injustice have adverse effects on the individual and community health. in this study, the effects of food intake inequality and social status changes on pain perception and immunological factors were investigated in balb/c mice. methods: the present study was conducted by implementing different social stresses including food deprivatio...

Several recent studies have found that earnings inequality in Canada has grown considerably since the late 1970’s. Using an extraordinary data base drawn from longitudinal income tax records, we decompose this growth in earnings inequality into its persistent and transitory components. We find that the growth in earnings inequality reflects both an increase in long-run inequality and an increas...

This paper seeks to analyze the dynamic behavior of prime-age male workers’ earnings inequality in the formal labor market of the State of São Paulo in the years 1990-1998. The aim is to fit an econometric model of unobserved earnings components into the empirical earnings variance-covariance structure in order to evaluate the relative magnitude of individual characteristics and earnings instab...