The impact of reactive school closure on an epidemic is uncertain, since it is not clear how an unplanned closure will affect social mixing patterns. The effect of school holidays on social mixing patterns is better understood. Here, we use mathematical models to explore the influence of the timing of school holidays on the final size and peak incidence of an influenza-like epidemic. A well-tim...

Today, numerous models and metrics are available to capture and characterize static properties of online social networks. When it comes to understanding their dynamics and evolution, however, research offers little in terms of metrics or models. Current metrics are limited to logical time clocks, and unable to capture interactions with external factors that rely on physical time clocks. In this...

the aim of this paper is to introduce $(l,m)$-fuzzy closurestructure where $l$ and $m$ are strictly two-sided, commutativequantales. firstly, we define $(l,m)$-fuzzy closure spaces and getsome relations between $(l,m)$-double fuzzy topological spaces and$(l,m)$-fuzzy closure spaces. then, we introduce initial$(l,m)$-fuzzy closure structures and we prove that the category$(l,m)$-{bf fc} of $(l,m...

Two experiments investigated the tendency of groups with members under high (vs. low) need for cognitive closure to develop an autocratic leadership structure in which some members dominate the discussion, constitute the "hubs" of communication, and influence the group more than other members. The first experiment found that high (vs. low) need for closure groups, as assessed via dispositional ...

The aim of this paper is to introduce $(L,M)$-fuzzy closurestructure where $L$ and $M$ are strictly two-sided, commutativequantales. Firstly, we define $(L,M)$-fuzzy closure spaces and getsome relations between $(L,M)$-double fuzzy topological spaces and$(L,M)$-fuzzy closure spaces. Then, we introduce initial$(L,M)$-fuzzy closure structures and we prove that the category$(L,M)$-{bf FC} of $(L,M...

look for the political in the wrong place, on the wrong floors and on the wrong pages of the newspapers. Those decision-making areas which had been protected by the political in industrial capitalism – the private sector, business, science, towns, everyday life and so on – are caught in the storms of political conflicts in reflexive modernity. (Beck 1994:18) We have been brought up with a clear...

Facial movements have the potential to be powerful social signals. Previous studies have shown that eye gaze changes and simple mouth movements can elicit robust neural responses, which can be altered as a function of potential social significance. Eye blinks are frequent events and are usually not deliberately communicative, yet blink rate is known to influence social perception. Here, we stud...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the health impacts of local public swimming pool and leisure provision. DESIGN Retrospective qualitative study using focus groups. Reports from two areas with contrasting experience of provision of a public swimming pool (opening and closure) were compared within the context of general reports about health and neighbourhood. SETTING Two deprived neighbourhoods in s...