Given aggregated data, a framework for estimating the entries of a social accounting matrix (SAM), or any large matrix of expenditures, trade or income ̄ ows, is developed. Under this framework it is possible to evaluate the contribution of structural and supply-side information, as well as policy variables, within the generalized context of a non-stationary SAM. Inference and diagnostic proper...

Alternative approaches to modelling distributional and welfare effects of changes in policy and the economic environment in developing and transition countries are surveyed. Microsimulations range from pure accounting approaches to models with behavioural equations based on econometric estimates and various dynamic models. Microsimulation accounting models are key to analysing the impact effect...

abstract this paper proposes an approach to find an optimum structure for educational levels of human forces. to this end, a linear programming (lp) model integrated with a social accounting matrix (sam) was employed. the integrated model was employed using the sam of golestan province of iran. it was demonstrated that when unemployment is the result of inconsistency between supply and demand f...

This document describes in detail how reformulation to a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) can be made in order to analyze the multiplier effects of a new sector. A different input composition, or technology, of the sector makes a conventional analysis of final-demand injections on existing sectors invalid. We show that the reformulation—so-called hypothetical integration—is an efficient way to in...

Disparities in development have long been a crucial issue in Indonesia. With regard to the new structure of the Indonesian government, it is of great interest to determine whether Indonesia should further decentralise its budget, and if so, what consequences this would have on the national economy overall. This paper develops a simple economic tool — that is an inter-regional social accounting ...

The problem in estimating a social accounting matrix (SAM) for a recent year is to find an efficient and cost-effective way to incorporate and reconcile information from a variety of sources, including data from prior years. Based on information theory, the paper presents a flexible “cross entropy” (CE) approach to estimating a consistent SAM starting from inconsistent data estimated with error...

— Based on an extended Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for 2002–03, this study shows how sectoral growth in India affects inequality. A breakdown of the wage account into three educational levels and 10 sectors of employment improves the link between sectoral expansion and household income in the SAM. The results show that only agricultural growth reduces inequality, while growth in heavy manufa...