We analyze a dynamic model of international environmental agreements where countries cannot make long-term commitments or use sanctions rewards to induce cooperation. The equilibrium is Markov chain, not particular coalition. A large and effective coalition an absorbing state, reached after random succession short-lived ineffective coalitions. Reaching such requires that the endogenous probabil...

This paper studies a fascinating type of filter in residuated lattices, the so-called pure filters. A combination algebraic and topological methods on filters lattice is applied to obtain some new structural results. The notion purely-prime has been investigated, Cohen-type theorem obtained. It shown that spectrum compact sober space, Grothendieck-type demonstrated. proved Gelfand Hausdorff ded...