BACKGROUND Although the aerial parts of hydroponic Panax ginseng are reported to contain higher contents of total ginsenosides than those of roots, the isolation and identification of active metabolites from the aerial parts of hydroponic P. ginseng have not been carried out so far. METHODS The aerial parts of hydroponic P. ginseng were applied on repeated silica gel and octadecylsilane colum...

Bacteria and Eukarya have cell membranes with sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), whereas archaeal membranes contain sn-glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P). Determining the time at which cells with either G3P-lipid membranes or G1P-lipid membranes appeared is important for understanding the early evolution of terrestrial life. To clarify this issue, we reconstructed molecular phylogenetic trees of G1PDH (G1P...

We have obtained 1H and 13C magic-angle sample-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of three glycosyldiacylglycerol-water (1:1, weight ratio) mesophases, at 11.7 T, as a function of temperature, in order to probe lipid headgroup, backbone, and acyl chain dynamics by using natural-abundance NMR probes. The systems investigated were monogalactosyldiacyldiglyceride [MGDG; primar...

The pink portion of the rabbit harderian gland was found to be a rich source of ATP: I-alkyl-sn-glycerol phosphotransferase. The enzyme, associated with the microsomal fraction of the gland, exhibits a pH optimum of ‘7.1. ATP and Mg2f are absolute requirements for enzymatic activity; the apparent K,,, for Mg2+ATP is 1.6 mM. Manganese partially substituted for Mgz+, but the measured rate in the ...

A sulfur-containing glycolipid, accounting for ca. 25% of the total polar lipids, has been isolated from the extreme halophile Halobacterium cutirubrum. The ammonium salt of the lipid was found to have the molecular formula C(61)H(117)O(21)S.NH(4), and on strong acid hydrolysis it yielded 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol, glucose, mannose, galactose, and sulfate in equimolar proportions. Infrared ...

1. The regional and subcellular distribution of the incorporation of sn-['4C]glycerol 3-phosphate into rat brain lipids in vitro was investigated and compared with the relative specific activity of various chemical and enzyme markers. The similarity between the subcellular distribution of this incorporation and of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity indicated that the synthesis of phosphatidi...

Phosphatidylmonoglucosyl diacylglycerol of Pseudomonas diminutu is biosynthesized from [14C]glycerolor 32Plabeled phosphatidylglycerol and [Wlglycerolor [‘4C]glucase-labeled 3-O-(ru-o-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (glucosyl diacylglycerol) by a transphosphatidylation reaction. Diphosphatidylglycerol and kojibiosyl diacylglycerol which are substrates in a transphosphatidylation catalyze...

Background: Oleoresin capsicum (OC) is an organic extract from fruits of the genus Capsicum, and has been reported to have an anti-obesity effect. Objective: This study comparatively investigated lipolytic effects of single-layer nanoemulsion (SN) and alginate double-layer nanoemulsion (AN) containing OC in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: SN and AN were compared by analyzing the intracellular lipid...

Lipophilic and hydrophilic D-alanyl-lipoteichoic acids are elongated in Lactobacillus casei by the transfer of sn-glycerol 1-phosphate units from phosphatidylglycerol to the poly(glycerophosphate) moiety of the polymer. These sn-glycerol 1-phosphate units are added to the end of the poly(glycerophosphate) which is distal to the glycolipid anchor; 1,2-diglyceride results from this addition. The ...