This study examined the modulatory function of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles on subjective and autonomic components of emotion. Participants were asked to hold a pencil in their mouth to either facilitate or inhibit smiles and were not instructed to contract specific muscles. Five conditions--namely lips pressing, low-level non-Duchenne smiling, high-level non-Duchenne smiling, Duchenne smil...

The Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) was employed to indirectly investigate avoidance reactions to stimuli of potential social threat. Forty-three highly socially anxious individuals (HSAs) and 43 non-anxious controls (NACs) reacted to pictures of emotional facial expressions (angry, neutral, or smiling) or to control pictures (puzzles) by pulling a joystick towards themselves (approach) versus pu...

The authors present a meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling based on 448 effect sizes derivedfrom 162 research reports. There was a statistically significant tendency for women and adolescent girls to smile more than men and adolescent boys (d = 0.41). The authors hypothesized that sex differences in smiling would be larger when concerns about gender-appropriate behavior were made more co...

The authors investigate the claim that thin slices of expressive behavior serve as reliable indicators of affective style in children and their families. Using photographs, the authors assessed smile intensity and tactile contact in kindergartners and their families. Consistent with claims that smiling and touch communicate positive emotion, measures of children’s smile intensity and warm famil...

Background: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to answer the questions ‘’Does lip repositioning surgery reduce amount gingiva exposed in smile individuals with excessive gingival display EGD (excessive display)?’’ ‘’Is reduction when smiling obtained stable over time?’’ evaluate effectiveness for correcting on smiling. Materials Methods: A structured search carried ou...

4 groups of Ss were exposed to a probability learning situation in which they guessed which of 2 stimuli would next appear. One set of stimuli contained angry and smiling faces, while the other or neutral set contained big and little kangaroos. When the input ratio was 70% angry faces to 30% smiling faces, Ss markedly underestimated the dominant input. When the ratio was reversed (70% smiling, ...

The relationship among morphologically different forms of smiling and laughter was examined. The participants were 19 Brazilian preschool children. Each child was observed a total of 60 min. in three 10-min. sessions on the playground and three 10-min. sessions in the classroom. Analysis suggests that the various forms of smiling do not simply express different intensities of a single emotion. ...

The authors investigate the claim that thin slices of expressive behavior serve as reliable indicators of affective style in children and their families. Using photographs, the authors assessed smile intensity and tactile contact in kindergartners and their families. Consistent with claims that smiling and touch communicate positive emotion, measures of children's smile intensity and warm famil...

Automatic facial expression recognition has gained much attention during the last decade because of its potential application in areas such as more engaging humancomputer interfaces. This paper explores the automatic recognition of facial expressions using 3D range images. The paper outlines the development of an algorithm designed to distinguish between neutral and smiling faces, and summarize...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate affect display in patients with facial paralysis as compared with normal subjects. We hypothesized that patients with facial paralysis would have impaired affect display and be perceived as displaying a negative affect as compared with normal subjects. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled experiment. METHODS Forty naive observers viewed pictures of patients w...