We report on the advanced implementation of the biprimary color system in applications where subtractive color is performed inside a single pixel to alter the magnitude and color of reflection (electronic paper displays) or the optical transmission and color temperature (smart windows). A novel device structure can switch between four states: clear, black, either of two complementary colors fro...

Research in social science has shown that the mobile phone users pay less attention to their surroundings, which exposes them to various hazards such as collisions with vehicles than other pedestrians. In this paper, we propose a novel handheld device that assists mobile phone users to walk more safely outdoors. The proposed system is implemented on a smart phone and uses its back camera to det...

The experimental optical interconnection module of the Free-Space Accelerator for Switching Terabit Networks (FAST-Net) project is described and characterized. Four two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of monolithically integrated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) and photodetectors (PD's) were designed, fabricated, and incorporated into a folded optical system that links a 10 cm x 10 c...

We examine the primary challenges for building a practical and competitive holographic random access memory (HRAM) system, specifically size, speed, and cost. We show that a fast HRAM system can be implemented with a compact architecture by incorporating conjugate readout, a smart-pixel array, and a linear array of laser diodes. It provides faster random access time than hard disk (100 microsec...

Smart CMOS image sensors can leverage the inherent data-level parallelism and regular computational flow of early vision by incorporating elementary processors at pixel level. However, it comes at the cost of extra area having a strong impact on the sensor sensitivity, resolution and image quality. In this scenario, the fundamental challenge is to devise new strategies capable of boosting the p...

many researchers adopt local binary pattern for pattern analysis. however, the long histogram created by local binary pattern is not suitable for large-scale facial database. this paper presents a simple facial pattern descriptor for facial expression recognition. local pattern is computed based on local gradient flow from one side to another side through the center pixel in a 3x3 pixels region...

We propose a three-dimensional (3D) watermarking system with the direct smart pixel mapping algorithm to improve the resolution of the reconstructed 3D watermark plane images. The depth-converted elemental image array (EIA) is obtained through the computational pixel mapping method. In the watermark embedding process, the depth-converted EIA is first scrambled by using the Arnold transform, whi...

Information hiding is an art which has been used since long back for covert communication. Steganography is the art of hiding secret message within a larger image or a secret image in another cover image, such that the hidden message or an image is undetectable. Chaotic systems are known for its randomness, it can be made utilized in achieving the encryption. In this paper chaos-based encryptio...

A new Focal Plane Architecture for Motion Computation is presented. The design is based on the Smart Sensor paradigm: combining transduction and early processing at sensor level. The sensor computes focal plane motion and direction in a subsampled space, with programmable spatiotemporal bandwidth. The architecture is designed around an array of neuromorphic analog processing cells with local ph...