Dermal exposure to jet fuels has received increased attention with the recent release of newer fuels with novel performance additives. The purpose of these studies was to assess the percutaneous absorption and cutaneous disposition of topically applied (25 microl/5 cm(2)) neat Jet-A, JP-8, and JP-8(100) jet fuels by monitoring the absorptive flux of the marker components 14C naphthalene and (3)...

A noninvasive scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) was applied to measure Cl- transport at individual mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs) in the skin of euryhaline tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae. In seawater (SW)-acclimated larvae, outward Cl- gradients (20-80 mM higher than the background) were measured at the surface, indicating a secretion of Cl- from the skin. By serial p...

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate immunotherapy as a means of improving peripheral blood flow in chronic leprosy patients. DESIGN: this was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, dinical trial. MATERIALS: heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae 1mg plus 0.02 microg Tuberculin protein per 0.1 ml dose in borate buffer, with saline as placebo. Those studied were 92 long-treated residents of a leprosy centr...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to pre-cool the epidermis during dermatological laser procedures such as treatment of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks, hair removal, and non-ablative photorejuvenation. Thus far, heat transfer studies related to CSC optimization have assumed a flat surface but clinical observation suggests that human skin indents due to the force of...

1. Chronic leg ulceration is a major cause of morbidity in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease; the ulcers commonly resolve on bed rest. We have therefore compared the cutaneous vascular response to dependency in three groups of eight patients with sickle cell disease (those with an active ulcer, with an ulcer scar and with no history of ulceration) and in eight subjects with normal ha...

The paper aims at investigating the effects of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on the steady two-dimensional laminar flow of viscous incompressible electrically conducting micropolar fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium. The radiative heat flux is assumed to follow Rosseland approximation. The governing equations of momentum, angular momentum, energy, ...

Mammalian skin owes its remarkable barrier function to its outermost and dead layer, the stratum corneum. Transdermal transport through this region occurs predominantly through intercellular lipids, organized largely in bilayers. Electroporation is the creation of aqueous pores in lipid bilayers by the application of a short (microseconds to milliseconds) electric pulse. Our measurements sugges...

Now a day transdermal drug deliveries are increasing rapidly for the treatment of various diseases so the present study was conducted on different penetration enhancers for permeation of antidiabetic drug, glipizide (sulfonyl urea derivative) through skin. Different types of penetration enhancers such as terpenes and terpenoids, pyrrolidones, oxazolidinones, fatty acids etc are used for permeat...

In this research, process asymmetric polyetherimide hollow fiber membranes using ethanol (0, 2 and 4 wt%) as non-solvent additive in the polymer dope via phase inversion method were fabricated. Aqueous solution of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidine (NMP) (90%) was applied as a bore fluid to avoid inner skin layer formation and water was used as the external coagulant. The morphology of fabricated membranes...

Membrane separation is known as an efficient technique for the oily wastewater treatment. Therefore, in the present study, sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) was introduced into the polysulfone (PSF) solution in order to enhance the hydrophilicity and the membrane structure for the oil–water separation. The hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via a phase-inversion process. The memb...