A century ago, in 1909, Martin Kirschner (1879-1942) introduced a smooth pin, presently known as the Kirschner wire (K-wire). The K-wire was initially used for skeletal traction and is now currently used for many different goals. The development of the K-wire and its insertion devices were mainly influenced by the change in operative goals and by the introduction of antibiotics. The first versi...

tit r* -By F. J. Cotton. vv. a. Saunders & Co. Under this title Dr. Frederick Cotton has compiled a text-book on the subject of injuries to bones and joints which should certainly take its place as a standard work. The author has amply illustrated his subject, and in fact relies on illustration almost as much as letter press to make his subject clear, for in GOO odd pages there are 1,200 or mor...

This case report highlights the treatment of a skeletal Class II malocclusion with pseudoanodontia that indicated clinical but not radiographic absence of teeth. A 21-year-old female patient presented with a skeletal Class II malocclusion with an orthognathic maxilla and a retrognathic mandible, with Angle’s Class I malocclusion with rotated maxillary and mandibular anteriors with fourteen impa...

In this report we describe a combined orthodontic and surgical treatment for a 14-year-old boy with severe skeletal class III deformity and dental problem. His upper posterior primary teeth in the left side were over-retained and 6 maxillary teeth (bilateral central incisors and canines, left first and second premolars) were impacted, together with 5 supernumerary teeth in both arches. The trea...

these genes prevents development of skeletal muscle and mouse pups are born with a skeleton that lacks many of the features seen normally. Bones are straight instead of curved, and lack either the narrowing of the mid-shaft of the cortex or the flaring of the metaphyses seen in WT controls. Even more striking is the absence of the traction epiphyses, proving Julius Wolff’s assertion over 100 ye...

We reviewed a series of 53 patients with closed traumatic complete injuries of the cervical spinal cord. They were admitted within two days to a spinal injuries centre, treated conservatively by six weeks of bedrest and skull traction, then mobilised in a neck support for six weeks. Eight patients had temporary neurological deterioration, four spontaneously and four after cervical manipulation;...

The synovitis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) injures structures in the cervical spine, allowing atlantoaxial subluxation, atlantoaxial impaction, and subaxial subluxation. Spinal cord and vertebral artery injury can ensue. Subluxations are common, but neurologic abnormalities are less so. Patients with RA can die from subluxations but usually do not, although many become worse with time. Nonsurgi...