As documented in Fama and French (1992), small firms’ expected equity returns are usually larger than big firms.’ Notably, Fama and French (1995) attributed this return pattern, dubbed as size premium, to a notion that small firms are assigned a higher risk premium because they face greater risk of distress. However, “distress anomaly” papers including Campbell, Hilscher, and Szilagyi (2008) em...

The relation between body size and breast cancer remains uncertain, particularly with regard to differences between pre- and postmenopausal women. The authors examined whether height, weight, body mass index, and weight change were associated with breast cancer risk among pre- and postmenopausal women. This population-based case-control study included women aged 20-74 years (n = 6,548) who were...

Analogous to the well-documented firm size-wage differential there also exists a differential in layoff risk according to firm size. Using Austrian data I discuss several reasons for this puzzle, including on-the-job training and workers' heterogeneity. If less stable (and also less able) workers select themselves into small, unstable and low paying firms, predicted layoff risk of workers can b...

systemic risk is the risk of collapse in the financial system. due to the financial crisis that hit the world economy in 2008, the study of systemic risk in the banking sector became more attractive for researchers. in this research we study systemic risk in the iranian banking sector by using a famous systemic risk measure, the ∆covar. to compute the measure, we employ dynamic conditional corr...

One of the more fascinating phenomena in nature is animal mass migrations and in oceans and freshwaters, diel variations in depth distribution of zooplankton are a phenomenon that has intrigued scientists for more than a century. In our study, we show that zooplankton are able to assess the threat level of ultraviolet radiation and adjust their depth distribution to this level at a very fine tu...

A variety of factors influence the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, including gender, diet, and urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Several of these factors may be related to body size. Because men on average have a larger body size and a threefold higher lifetime risk of stone formation than women, body size may be an important risk factor for calcium oxalate stone...