The tidal response of northern British Columbia coastal waters is studied through simulations with a threedimensional, prognostic, primitive equation model. The model is forced at the boundaries with the leading semidiurnal and diurnal constituents and experiments with stratified and homogeneous fluid are compared. The barotropic response shows good agreement with previously published studies o...

Tides and their dynamic processes in the South China Sea (SCS) are studied by assimilating Topex/Poseidon altimetry data into a barotropic ocean tide model for the eight major constituents (M2 S2 K1 O1 N2 K2 P1 Q1) using a tidal data inversion scheme. High resolution ( 10 km) and large model domain are adopted to better resolve the physical processes involved and to minimize the uncertainty fro...

The long-term sea level change during 1993 – 2008 is investigated in the Malaysian Seas from satellite altimetry data of the Topex, Jason-1, ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat missions. During the past two decades, satellite altimeter has provided its capability in measuring the global mean of sea level with precision better than 1 mm/year. Sea level data retrieval and reduction were carried out using Ra...

The long-term sea level change during 1993 to 2008 was investigated in the Malaysian seas from satellite altimetry data of the TOPEX, JASON-1, ERS-1, ERS-2 and ENVISAT missions. Sea level data retrieval and reduction were carried out using the radar altimeter database system (RADS). In RADS data processing, the 2008 updated environmental and geophysical corrections were applied. Six 1° × 1° are...

Interannual to multidecadal variability of winter storminess in the eastern United States was studied using water level measurements from coastal tide gauges. The proximity to the coast of the primary winter storm track in the region allows the use of tide gauges to study temporal modulations in the frequency of these storms. Storms were identified in high-passed, detided sea level anomalies in...

Changes in mean sea levels influence the coast by affecting the height and frequency of extreme high waters. Tide-gauge records are often used to study fluctuations in the timing and severity of extreme sea levels because these records are relatively long and accessible. However, there are two main limitations to analyzing sea-level extremes using tide-gauge observations: 1) Tide gauges are oft...

Hurricane Katrina was historic in magnitude. From ref. 1: “The large size of Katrina throughout its history, combined with the extreme waves generated during its most intense phase, enabled this storm to produce the largest storm surges (reliable observations up to 28 ft) that have ever been observed within the Gulf of Mexico, as determined from analyses of historical records.” The analysis by ...

Water level reduction with GNSS [FIG Commission 4 Working Group 4.2 2006, Dodd and Mills 2011] requires the availability of the ellipsoidal heights of CD, i.e. the Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) as adopted by the International Hydrographic Organization [International Hydrographic Organization, 2011, Technical Resolution 3/1919]. LAT is defined as the lowest tide level to occur under average met...

Small surface displacements appearing in tide gauge and altimetric records are used to detect hydrostatic baroclinic modes in the ocean. Those deflections are a small fraction of the interior isopycnal vertical displacements and are dependent directly upon the in situ stratification. Conversion of surface height to interior amplitudes and energies encounters significant spatial and seasonal shi...