The methods of finite-time thermodynamics are used to find the optimal time path of an Otto cycle with friction and heat leakage. Optimality is defined by maximization of the work per cycle; the system is constrained to operate at a fixed frequency, so the maximum power is obtained. The result is an improvement of about 10% in the effectiveness (second-law efficiency) of a conventional near-sin...

The XMM-Newton spectra of the isolated neutron star RX J0720.4−3125 obtained over 4.5 years can be described by sinusoidal variations in the inferred blackbody temperature, the size of the emitting area and the depth of the absorption line with a period of 7.1±0.5 years, which we suggest to be the precession period of the neutron star. Precession of a neutron star with two hot spots of differen...

This paper proposes a novel method of speech enhancement that moves away from conventional filtering-based methods and instead aims to reconstruct clean speech from a set of speech features. Underlying the enhancement system is a speech model which at present is based on a sinusoidal model. This is driven by a set of speech features, comprising voicing, fundamental frequency and spectral envelo...

1 November 2001 Alternating Current Theory J R Lucas An alternating waveform is a periodic waveform which alternate between positive and negative values. Unlike direct waveforms, they cannot be characterised by one magnitude as their amplitude is continuously varying from instant to instant. Thus various forms of magnitudes are defined for such waveforms. The advantage of the alternating wavefo...

Detection and modulation rate discrimination were measured in cochlear-implant users for pulse-trains that were either sinusoidally amplitude modulated or were modulated with half-wave rectified sinusoids, which in acoustic hearing have been used to simulate the response to low-frequency temporal fine structure. In contrast to comparable results from acoustic hearing, modulation rate discrimina...

-The average density of randomly placed dots was modulated according to a spatial sinusoid and estimates were made of the signal/noise ratio (d’) of the sensory representation of the pattern from subjects’ responses. This was compared with the signal/noise ratio of the targets, and the results are expressed as the efficiency (F) with which the statistical information in the targets is utilized....

This experiment was an investigation of the ability of listeners to identify the constituents of double vowels (pairs of synthetic vowels, presented concurrently and binaurally). Three variables were manipulated: (1) the size of the difference in F0 between the constituents (0, 1/2, and 6 semitones); (2) the frequency relations among the sinusoids making up the constituents: harmonic, shifted (...

Many communicative behaviors in the animal kingdom consist of performing and recognizing specialized patterns of oscillatory motion. Here we present an approach to the representation and recognition of these oscillatory motions based on the categorical organization of a simple sinusoidal model having very specific and limited parameter values. This characterization is used to specify the types ...

Abstract Heat transfer in skin tissue is an area of interest for medical sciences. In this paper we intend to study fractional bioheat equation for heat transfer in skin tissue with constant and sinusoidal heat flux condition on skin surface. Numerical solutions are obtained by implicit finite difference method. We study the effect of anomalous diffusion in skin tissue and compare it with norma...

Measuring thresholds for the detection of brief decrements in the level of a sinusoid is an established method of estimating auditory temporal resolution. Generally, a background noise is added to the stimulus to avoid the detection of the "spectral splatter" introduced by the decrement. Results are often described in terms of a temporal-window model, comprising a band-pass filter, a compressiv...