in managing organizations as complex social systems that their core includes of human interactions or their complicated patterns of behavior, the precise definition of problem is very important; because interactions between organizations cause to emerging complex relationship networks which in it formal patterns are always affected by informal relationship networks. this paper analyses the form...

In this paper, complex singular Wishart matrices and their applications are investigated. In particular, a volume element on the space of positive semidefinite m×m complex matrices of rank n < m is introduced and some transformation properties are established. The Jacobian for the change of variables in the singular value decomposition of general m × n complex matrices is derived. Then the dens...