The literature on income disparities across China’s provinces suggests that there has been (absolute) divergence in per capita incomes since 1978, a trend which has accelerated since the early 1990s. We contribute to this literature by updating the convergence analyses to include the most recent period (1994-2003). Four methods (beta and sigma convergence, Markov chain and kernel density analys...

Tobacco control efforts increased smoking abstinence up until 1990; however, in the mid-1990s, smoking prevalence rates and the U.S. per capita consumption leveled off and remained constant (CDC 1999b; Taylor 2001; see Chapter 8). Per capita consumption again declined in 1999 following the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) and a subsequent increase in the cost of cigarettes. However, it is uncl...

The United States in the 1990s has experienced the greatest sustained decline in violent crime rates since World War II—even though rates thus far have not fallen as rapidly as they increased during the crime boom of the 1960s and early 1970s. I review a set of exogenous and policy-related explanations for the earlier crime boom and for the crime bust of the 1990s. I argue that our understandin...

The number of children reported as having autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has risen dramatically since the early 1990s. In the United States, some of this increase is attributable to changes in diagnosis and reporting, although this pattern is not uniform across all states. Symptoms of classic autism do not typically become evident until early childhood, but current evidence is consistent with ...

Authors: Ferreira R. The use of diuretics (and beta-blockers) to treat hypertension has known a dramatic decline since the early 1980’s through to the early 1990s with the introduction of ACE-inhibitors and calcium channel blockers. However, thiazide diuretics are still a first line option to treat arterial hypertension, due to their efficacy and cost-effectiveness profile. We have presented ma...