a r t i c l e i n f o This paper evaluates the impact of a program of bureaucracy simplification and tax reduction on formality among Brazilian microenterprises — the SIMPLES program. We document an increase of 13 percentage points in formal licensing among retail firms created after the program when compared to firms in ineligible sectors. The impact on retailers is robust to a series of tests...

In this paper we investigate the problem of finding a layer2 network topology when the information available from SNMP MIB is incomplete. We prove that finding a network topology in this case is NPhard. We further prove that deciding whether the given information defines a unique network topology is a co-NP-hard problem. We show that if there is a single node r such that every other network nod...

The Co-design is the process of generating a mixed hardware/software architecture starting from system-level model. This paper discusses the uses of SDL for the co-design of an ATM Network Interface Card (NIC). In this study, the initial specification is given in SDL. The architecture generation is made using Cosmos, a co-design tool for multiprocessor architecture. Several architectures are pr...

in this paper, we introduce the concept of semihyperring $(r,+,cdot)$ together with a suitable partial order $le$. moreover, we introduce and study hyperideals in ordered semihyperrings. simple ordered semihyperrings are defined and its characterizations are obtained. finally, we study some properties of quasi-simple and $b$-simple ordered semihyperrings.

Helicopters operations on board ships require special procedures introducing additional limitations known as ship helicopter operational limitations (SHOLs) which are a priority for all navies. This paper presents the main results obtained from the experimental investigation of a simple frigate shape (SFS) which is a typical case of study in experimental and computational aerodynamics. The resu...

there are two different co-expression systems including bicistronic; dual-vector or two-promoter to express two different genes simultaneously and also to study protein-protein interactions. bicistronic system has disadvantages e.g. compared with two-promoter system. in this paper, a simple method based on spliced overlap extension by polymerase chain reaction (soe-pcr) technique was demonstrat...