a Environment Institute and Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Pearson Building, Gouwer Street, London, UK Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Cami de Vera, s/n. 46022, Valencia, Spain Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State Universi...

To model behavior, scientists need to know how models behave. This means learning what other behaviors a model can produce besides the one generated by participants in an experiment. This is a difficult problem because of the complexity of psychological models (e.g., their many parameters) and because the behavioral precision of models (e.g., interval-scale performance) often mismatches their t...

In comprehending stories, adults create mental models from which they follow the actions of the characters from the characters' different mental vantage points. Using a novel methodology, this study is the first to examine when children attain the narrative ability to track the mental perspective of characters. That is, when do children follow the actions of a story to different locations that ...

The semiparametric partially linear model allows flexible modeling of covariate effects on the response variable in regression. It combines the flexibility of nonparametric regression and parsimony of linear regression. The most important assumption in the existing methods for the estimation in this model is to assume a priori that it is known which covariates have a linear effect and which do ...

Recent research on contingency judgment indicates that the judged predictiveness of a cue is dependent on the predictive strengths of other cues. Two classes of models correctly predict such cue interaction: associative models and statistical models. However, these models differ in their predictions about the effect of trial order on cue interaction. In five experiments reported here, college s...

We propose a new estimator to combat the multicollinearity in the linear model when there are stochastic linear restrictions on the regression coefficients. The new estimator is constructed by combining the ordinary mixed estimator (OME) and the principal components regression (PCR) estimator, which is called the stochastic restricted principal components (SRPC) regression estimator. Necessary ...

For second-hand products sold with warranty, the expected warranty cost for an item to the manufacturer, depends on (i) the age and/or usage as well as the maintenance history for the item and (ii) the terms of the warranty policy. The paper develops probabilistic models to compute the expected warranty cost to the manufacturer when the items are sold with free replacement or pro rata warrantie...

We report the first detection of triply-deuterated methanol, with 12 observed transitions, towards the low-mass protostar IRAS 16293−2422, as well as multifrequency observations of CH3OH, used to derive the column density of the main isotopomer CH3OH. The derived fractionation ratio [CD3OH]/[CH3OH] averaged on a 10′′ beam is 1.4%. Together with previous CH2DOH and CHD2OH observations, the prese...