A signed graph is a simple graph where each edge receives a sign positive or negative. Such graphs are mainly used in social sciences where individuals represent vertices friendly relation between them as a positive edge and enmity as a negative edge. In signed graphs, we define these relationships (edges) as of friendship ("+" edge) or hostility ("-" edge). A 2-path product signed graph [Formu...

We study the application of spectral clustering, prediction and visualization methods to graphs with negatively weighted edges. We show that several characteristic matrices of graphs can be extended to graphs with positively and negatively weighted edges, giving signed spectral clustering methods, signed graph kernels and network visualization methods that apply to signed graphs. In particular,...

A signed graph is a graph whose edges are given ±1 weights. In such a graph, the sign of a cycle is the product of the signs of its edges. A signed graph is called balanced if its adjacency matrix is similar to the adjacency matrix of an unsigned graph via conjugation by a diagonal ±1 matrix. For a signed graph Σ on n vertices, its exterior kth power, where k = 1, . . . , n−1, is a graph ∧k Σ w...

A graph whose edges are labeled either as positive or negative is called a signed graph. In this article, we extend the notion of composition of (unsigned) graphs (also called lexicographic product) to signed graphs. We employ Kronecker product of matrices to express the adjacency matrix of this product of two signed graphs and hence find its eigenvalues when the second graph under composition ...

Let C(T ) be a generalized Coxeter group, which has a natural map onto one of the classical Coxeter groups, either Bn or Dn. Let CY (T ) be a natural quotient of C(T ), and if C(T ) is simply-laced (which means all the relations between the generators has order 2 or 3), CY (T ) is a generalized Coxeter group, too . Let At,n be a group which contains t Abelian groups generated by n elements. The...

A {em weak signed Roman dominating function} (WSRDF) of a graph $G$ with vertex set $V(G)$ is defined as afunction $f:V(G)rightarrow{-1,1,2}$ having the property that $sum_{xin N[v]}f(x)ge 1$ for each $vin V(G)$, where $N[v]$ is theclosed neighborhood of $v$. The weight of a WSRDF is the sum of its function values over all vertices.The weak signed Roman domination number of $G...

A signed bipartite graph is a bipartite graph in which each edge is assigned a positive or a negative sign. Let G(U, V ) be a signed bipartite graph with U = {u1, u2, · · · , up} and V = {v1, v2, · · · , vq} . Then signed degree of ui is sdeg(ui) = di = d + i − d − i , where 1 ≤ i ≤ p and d+i ( d − i ) is the number of positive(negative) edges incident with ui , and signed degree of vj is sdeg(...