background: field matching problems in abutting electron fields can be managed by using spoilers. objective: the aim of this study was to design a monte carlo framework for the assessment of spoiler application in abutting electron fields. methods: a siemens primus treatment head was simulated for a 5 mev electron beam using beamnrc and dosxyznrc, egsnrc user codes. validation of beam model was...

Author(s) of this paper may load this reprint on their own web site provided that this cover page is retained. Republication of this article or its storage in electronic databases or the like is not permitted without prior permission in writing from the IUCr. A program suite for one-dimensional small-angle scattering data processing running on IBM-compatible PCs under Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP is p...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish test-retest reliability values for the newly designed grip and wrist attachments of the BTE Primus and to determine criterion-related validity of the new grip attachment against the Jamar dynamometer. An additional purpose was to explore the differences in grip and wrist flexion strength between wheelchair users and control participants witho...

Introduction: Because of importance of impact of the Source to Surface Distance (SSD) in determining of monitor unit for electron-therapy, it is essential to know the Virtual Source Position (VSP) for electron beam for a linear therapeutic accelerator for each energy and field size. , especially using the Khan method (photo distance squared method) And compare the results with...

Primus stoves account for a large proportion of burn injuries in the developing world. The mechanism of these injuries is closely linked with factors relating to stove design, fuel characteristics and the socioeconomic profile of victims. We review the current literature on these injuries with particular attention to the injury mechanisms and epidemiological data available. We additionally summ...

Electron-positron pairs, produced in intense laser-solid interactions, are diagnosed using magnetic spectrometers with image plates, such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) Electron Positron Proton Spectrometers (EPPS). Although modeling can help infer quantitative value, accuracy of models needs to be verified ensure measurement quality. The dispersion low-energy electrons and positrons m...

INTRODUCTION Symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with significant and progressive functional disability and have a profound impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). QoL and daily life activities are two areas that suffer major changes during the course of MS and there are currently no questionnaires specifically designed to evaluate these areas in MS patients. PURPOSE To eval...

Radiation effects of photon irradiation in Ytterbium-doped silica optical fibers are still much less explored despite their importance in space-based application as radiation dosimetry. This study investigates and compares the thermoluminescence glow curve, response, linearity and sensitivity of Ytterbium-doped SiO2 optical fibers with that of TLD-100. Samples are placed in solid phantom and ir...