down syndrome is the most common known chromosomal disorder in man.this syndrome has many sings and symptoms which are variable in frequency.taking all the signs and symproms in to consideration,diagnosis of down syndrome is not a difficult task-however in the past it was difficult to diagnose this syndrome based on a single clinical sign,until  hypertrophy of hyponichium was first introduced b...

objectives: reading is a language skill based on visual modality which recently is addressed as a facilitator of expressive language in children with down syndrome. the aim was designing a whole word reading protocol and examining its effects on the language skills of children with down syndrome. methods: a whole word reading protocol was developed and was examined through a single-subject stud...

Objectives: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common multiple congenital anomaly syndrome associated with a developmental disability. Children with Down syndrome have delay in both motor and mental age. This study carried out to explore relationship between mental and motor age of children with DS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 participants with DS (5 to 7 years old) usin...

Disorder in re-methylation process of homocysteine to methionine due to mutation in betaine homocysteine methyltransferase enzyme (BHMT) coding gene, leads to decrease in S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) synthesis which takes part in DNA methylation as a methyl donor. As a result, it can promote hypo-methylation of DNA, chromosome instability, and chromosome missegregation, which in turn is one of t...

1920x1200 abstract: background: down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality due to 21 trisomy that usually is accompany with congenital heart diseases. about fifty present of children with down syndrome have heart defects. this study was designed for the aim of abundance percents of septal heart defects in children with down syndrome at imam reza and imam ali hospitals in kermansha...

Objectives: Having a disabled child can have profound effects on the living conditions and the mental health of their family. Siblings of the children with disabilities have an important role in supporting them. Their physical, mental and emotional health may be at risk, therefore, their condition and living should be concerned and improved. The current study aimed to investigate the quality of...