The shunting schedule of electric multiple units depot (SSED) is one of the essential plans for high-speed train maintenance activities. This paper presents a 0-1 programming model to address the problem of determining an optimal SSED through automatic computing. The objective of the model is to minimize the number of shunting movements and the constraints include track occupation conflicts, sh...

Regional cerebral blood flows and shunting of microspheres with four different sizes (9,12, 16 and 25 microns) into the superior sagittal sinus were determined in twelve dogs. Venous blood was collected from the superior sagittal sinus for 120 min after the injection of microspheres, and the dogs were then sacrificed immediately. Results on blood flow measurements and venous shunting determinat...

Background Patients with left to right shunting of blood through an atrial septal defect (ASD) have decreased exercise capacity. This study hypothesized that central factors influence exercise capacity, namely systemic and pulmonary cardiac output and right ventricular (RV) function during stress as well as left atrial pressure (LAP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Previous studies have fo...

An experimental model of cirrhosis was developed in the rat to assess the effect of disease and pharmacological manipulation on blood flow, shunting and portal pressure. With progression in the severity of histological cirrhosis there was a steady fall in effective liver blood flow as measured with radioisotope labelled colloid. This corresponded to a rise in portal pressure and shunting with a...

Preductal and postductal oxygen saturation were compared in 20 ventilated preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease to establish the frequency of right to left shunting and to assess the accuracy of postductus arteriosus blood gas sampling. One hundred and thirty eight comparisons were made and the frequency of right to left shunting was 17% (95% confidence interval 12 to 25%). Shunting epi...

Introduction Diversion of excessive cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from hydrocephalic brains by shunting is, in many cases, a life saving procedure. The down side of shunting is high failure rate (40% in the first year, and about 10% annually thereafter). Consequently, about 43% of the estimated 40,000 shunting procedures performed annually in the US alone are for shunt replacement. A study of imp...

Following the traffic of a backbone increase near to the capacity of the network, the evolution of backbone topology takes place. In this paper, three main types of evolution methods: link upgrading only method, node upgrading method, and the combination of previous two are explored. To shunt the saturated traffic efficiently, we propose several node upgrading algorithms, Traffic Adaptive Topol...

UNLABELLED One hundred and seventy three children, including 93 with biliary atresia, received liver grafts at Addenbrooke's Hospital between 1983 and 1993. Of these, only seven developed cyanosis due to intrapulmonary shunting as a complication of their liver disease, and all seven of these had the biliary atresia/polysplenia syndrome. Intrapulmonary shunting was confirmed by a radioisotope sc...

Parkinsonism has been well-documented in patients with communicating hydrocephalus, but it is an uncommon complication of shunting for obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis. Although a number of hypotheses regarding anatomical and pathophysiological clues to this are proposed, its exact mechanism remains unclear. The author presents a unique case of parkinsonism after shunt...

Survival following major juxtahepatic venous injury is rare in blunt liver trauma despite the use of intracaval shunting. Prolonged liver arterial inflow control, total hepatic venous isolation and lobectomy without shunting was used in a patient to repair a combined vena caval and hepatic venous injury after blunt liver injury. An extended period of normothermic hepatic ischemia was tolerated....