Shortcut Methods for Complex Distillation Columns: Part 1 -Minimum Reflux This two-part paper presents in detail the theory for calculating via shortcut methods the minimum reflux conditions and the number of stages and feed tray location for ordinary and thermally coupled columns. Nonadjacent key components are permitted. In this paper, part 1, the approximations made to estimate minimum reflu...

In this paper, we demonstrate a new class of protocol-compliant exploits that initiates at the MAC layer but targets ad hoc on-demand routing mechanisms. A misbehaved node implementing this type of attacks completely follows the specifications of IEEE802.11 standard and the existing on-demand routing protocols. However, it can cause routing shortcut attacks or detour attacks. We detail the expl...

A&met-Wang alebra is defined by three rules: i) go =yx; ii) x + x = 0; and iii) xx =O. K. T. Wang showed that these rules give a shortcut method for finding tbe joint resistance (or driving point reshance) of an electrical network. However, there are electrical systems more general than the KIrckhoff network. For these system regular matroids repiace‘ networks. It is shown in this paper that Wa...

Functional programs often combine separate parts of the program using intermediate data structures for communicating results. Programs so defined are easier to understand and maintain, but suffer from inefficiency problems due to the generation of those data structures. In response to this problematic, some program transformation techniques have been studied with the aim to eliminate the interm...

D uring the past 50 yrs, the forced expiratory manoeuvre has formed the basis for the most extensively used lung function test. Although ''spirometry'' means measurement of breath and, therefore, should include all kinds of measurements related to breathing, it is now almost a convention that spirometry is synonymous with measurements involving a forced vital capacity (FVC). In his historical n...