Although functional trait variability is increasingly used in community ecology, the scale- and size-dependent aspects of trait variation are usually disregarded. Here we quantified the spatial structure of shoot height, branch length, root/shoot ratio and leaf number in a macrophyte species Potamogeton maackianus, and then disentangled the environmental and ontogenetic effects on these traits....

Seedlings of co-occurring species vary in their response to resource availability and this has implications for the conservation and management of forests. Differential shade-tolerance is thought to influence seedling performance in mixed Nothofagus betuloides-Nothofagus pumilio forests of Patagonia. However, these species also vary in their soil nutrient requirements. To determine the effects ...

in order to study the effects of herbicide rates of metribuzin on nodulations and growth characteristics of chickpea, a series of experiments were carried out at research greenhouses of ferdowsi university of mashhad during 2009 in a randomized complete block design with four replications. studied factors were: different doses of metribuzin herbicide (10- 25- 50- 75- 100- 125 percent of recomme...

the effects of above and below-ground competition between chenopodium album and sugar beet (beta vulgaris) on growth, yield and quality of two sugar beet cultivars of morphologically contrasting growth habit have been investigated a factorial experiment (2 × 4) under glass-house conditions in a randomised complete block design with three replications was done. c. album and two sugar beet cultiv...

cadmium as a heavy metal is also considered as a serious threat for the environment. this element is accumulated in soil through industrial processes as well as phosphate fertilizers and aggregates into the food chain.this study was conducted in order to investigate of different levels of cadmium effects on growth features of rapeseed(brassica napus l.) plants. root and shoot weight and height,...

Criconemella xenoplax, Fusarium solani, and F. oxysporum caused necrosis of Nemaguard peach feeder roots in greenhouse tests. Root necrosis was more extensive in the presence of either fungus than wtih C. xenoplax alone. Shoot growth and plant height were less for plants inoculated with F. oxysporum or F. solani than for plants inoculated with the fungi plus C. xenoplax. Neither synergistic nor...

a factorial experiment based on complete block design was conducted to study the interactive effects of sulfur fertilizer and thiobacillus bacteria on corn growth and root colonization with two species of mycorrhiza fungi. treatments were five levels of sulfur (s0: 0, s1: 50, s2: 100, s3: 150 and s4: 200 mg.kg-1 of dry soil), thiobacillus in two levels [no application (t0) and application of ba...