background: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (itp) is a chronic disease which is accompanied with hopelessness and loss of the sense of well-being due to its symptoms and treatment. it also affects patients' sense of social and spiritual well-being. this disorder decreases patients' self-esteem and their quality of life by changing their mental image and self-confidence. this study was perfo...

background: high cesarean section rate is a major health problem in developing countries. this study was established to evaluate the effectiveness of iranian ministry of health and medical education protocols on cesarean section rate trend. methods: through a non-concurrent controlled quasi-experimental study, cesarean section rate in shohada-e-tajrish and taleghani hospitals in tehran was comp...

It is common to call “virtual world” the set of abstractions given to humans by computers and networks. When the computers and the networks are emulated by programs, i.e. are virtual machines and virtual networks, there is one more layer of virtuality: a kind of virtual squared world. Virtual square (V ) is the project to study how to exploit the possibilities given by multi layered virtuality....

A square involution is a square permutation which is also an involution. In this paper we give the enumeration of square involutions, using purely combinatorial methods, by establishing a bijective correspondence with a class of lattice paths. As a corollary to our result, we enumerate various subclasses of square involutions, including the classes of triangular, decomposable, and fat involutions.