We perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of two-dimensional frictionless granular materials to determine whether these systems can be characterized by a single static yield shear stress. We consider boundary-driven planar shear at constant volume and either constant shear force or constant shear velocity. Under steady flow conditions, these two ensembles give similar results for the ...

The effects of various postchill deboning times on functional, color, yield, and sensory attributes of broiler breast meat were determined. Broiler breast muscles were deboned at 2, 4, 6, and 24 h postmortem, and pH, color change, cooking yield, shear force values, and sensory traits of the breast meat were recorded. Data were examined by multivariate data analysis, namely principal component a...

We compared the knee kinetics of 10 male and 10 female recreational athletes (aged 19 to 25 years) performing forward, vertical, and backward stop-jump tasks. Three-dimensional videography and force plate data were used to record the subjects' performance of the three stop-jump tasks, and an inverse dynamic procedure was used to estimate the knee joint resultant forces and moments. Women exhibi...

In this paper, we propose a system to assess the effect of footwear on the in-shoe plantar pressure and shear during gait. In our previous study, we developed a system for measuring the plantar pressure and shear inside footwear using specialized shoes and insoles with sensors. In this study, based on the previous study, 1) we realized a method to measure directly the in-shoe plantar pressure a...

The effect of hydrodynamic shear force on the nitrogen removal performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules was studied in four batch-type Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactors. The reactors were operated under different hydrodynamic shear force (0.021, 0.024, 0.026 and 0.029 N m, respectively) by control the circulation flow rate. The results showed that nitrite and am...

For flexible robots with rotational joints it has been shown previously, by the first author, that direct strain feedback can damp out vibrations very satisfactorily. In this paper, a simple sensor-based output feedback control law, called shear force feedback, is newly proposed to control vibrations arising from structural flexibility of robots of Cartesian or SCARA types. Closed-loop exponent...

We describe a surface force apparatus designed to probe the rheology of a nanoconfined medium under large shear amplitudes (up to 500 microm). The instrument can be operated in closed loop, controlling either the applied normal load or the thickness of the medium during shear experiments. Feedback control allows us to greatly extend the range of confinement/shear strain attainable with the surf...

According to the wide application of segmental lining in mechanized tunneling, recognizing the behavior of segmental lining joints is important in tunnels designing. In the structural analysis of the tunnel segmental lining, segmental joints can be considered as elastic joints, and their stiffness characteristics are affected by the rotational, shear, and axial stiffness. The purpose of this wo...

Crossbred steers (n = 30) were used to explore and compare tenderness improvements in beef round and sirloin muscles resulting from various methods of prerigor skeletal separations. Animals were slaughtered according to industry procedures, and at 60 min postmortem one of six treatments was applied to each side: A) control, B) saw pelvis at the sirloin-round junction, C) separate the pelvic-fem...

the steel shear wall and composite steel plate shear wall is introduced in recent three decade and is considered and is spread rapidly. composite steel plate shear wall which is made of a layer of thin steel sheet with coating of reinforced concrete in one or both sides of steel palate is considered a third generation of resistance shear walls against lateral loads that in addition to increasin...