While the effects of legal and institutional arrangements on political participation are well documented, little attention has been given to the potential participatory effects of one of the United States’ most important electoral laws: constitutionally mandated reapportionment. By severing the ties between constituents and their incumbents, we argue, redistricting raises information costs, lea...

background: topical anesthesia has been widely advocated as an important component of atraumatic administration of intraoral local anesthesia. the aim of this study was to use direct observation of children’s behavioral pain reactions during local anesthetic injection using cotton-roll vibration method compared with routine topical anesthesia. materials and methods: forty-eight children partici...

We use the Hamilton-Jacobi (H-J) formulation of stochastic inflation to describe evolution inflaton during a period Ultra-Slow Roll (USR), taking into account field's velocity and its gravitational backreaction. demonstrate how this formalism allows one modify existing slow-roll (SR) formulae be fully valid outside SR regime. then compute mass fraction, $\beta$, Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) fo...

This paper proposes a new design of an electromagnetic interference wideband filtering power divider (FPD) with wide stopband based on the genetic algorithm (GA). A set data structures is constructed by describing corresponding connection method between basic units and their electrical parameters in three-port design. Then, GA used to find appropriate topology parameters, including isolation re...

We study a possible amplification mechanism for the curvature perturbations generated during inflation by Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) inflaton in presence of sharp feature warp factor. The large growth resulting scalar power spectrum is consequence decreasing speed sound. obtain analytical approximate expressions relevant dynamical quantities both slow roll phase and transient which leads to amplif...

This paper presents a reduce roll vibration of the full vehicle model with passive suspension systems using vibration absorber to change the dynamic system matrix stat’s eigenvalue. Since using the controller system has been splurged and required to energy consuming, in this research the vehicle body roll vibration has been reduced and supplied vehicle stability using a vibration absorber for t...

hot rolling of a large ring of titanium alloy (lrt) is a highly nonlinear incremental forming process with coupled mechanical and thermal behaviors (mtbs) which significantly affect microstructure and properties of the ring. the feed rate of idle roll and the rotational speed of driver roll have major effects on ovality of the ring. in this paper, the effects of these parameters on the ovality ...

This letter presents a two-port dual-band filtering network, which can be integrated with antennas for antenna applications in sub-6 GHz systems. The proposed network consists of slotline resonator and two stub groups, featuring second- third-order resonant characteristics at the lower upper frequencies. Analysis by establishing equivalent circuits is carried out to verify performance network. ...

In this article, we present a critical review of the swimming literature on body roll, for the purposes of summarizing and highlighting existing knowledge, identifying the gaps and limitations, and stimulating further research. The main research findings can be summarized as follows: swimmers roll their shoulders significantly more than their hips; swimmers increase hip roll but maintain should...