In this paper we propose to measure inequality of educational achievements by constructing a Gini index on educational attainments. We then use the proposed measure to analyse the relationship between inequality in incomes and educational achievements (in terms of both the average attainments and its concentration). Even if theoretical considerations suggest a non-linear relationship between th...

T he main aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of population total, gross domestic product per capita, urbanization rate and energy use on carbon emissions in Nigeria for a period of 1981-2015 using autoregressive distributed lag approach to co-integration (ARDL). The empirical results revealed evidence of a long run relationship among the variables. The generalized ridge ...

We estimate cumulative CO2 emissions during the period 2000 to 2050 from developed and developing countries based on the empirical relationship between CO2 per capita emissions (due to fossil fuel combustion and cement production) and corresponding HDI. We choose not to include emissions from land use and other greenhouse gases since they were found not to be strongly correlated with personal c...

A key aspect of sustainable development in a country is how energy, environment and economic sectors interact. Greenhouse gas emissions and their impacts are among important environmental issues that have been in focus. The increase in the concentration of these gases in atmosphere to levels above the natural level results in global warming, depletion of the Earth’s protective layer against har...

    In 2010, the World Bank categorized countries in per capita gross domestic product in terms of purchasing power parity (at constant 1990 prices) in three categories: low, middle (lower and upper) and high income. If a country caught at least 28 years in lower middle income level and at least 14 years caught in upper middle-income level, then they are trapped in lower middle and upper middle...

4.1 Abstract We examine a crosscountry data set of 6 East Asian countries 1 for the period of 19802006 with the aim to study the interrelationship between trade liberalization and environmental degradation. On the basis of the parametric econometric model, we investigate trade liberalization’s impact on the environment quality 2 . We take two environmental indicators for analyses that are carbo...

We investigate how the division of aggregate income into per capita income and population affects the margins of imports. In the first part, we use data on imports of 123 countries to document a positive relationship between per capita income and both the extensive and quality margin of imports, for a given level of aggregate GDP. These relations hold at various levels of disaggregation. While ...

Our industrialized world highly depends on fossil fuels to cover its energy needs. Although have been linked with economic growth, their use has also found severe impacts the environment. The linkages among carbon dioxide emissions, consumption and growth extensively examined in current literature. present study focuses electricity production from fuels, as well renewable sources examines CO2 e...