SHANK genes code for scaffold proteins located at the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses. In neurons, SHANK2 and SHANK3 have a positive effect on the induction and maturation of dendritic spines, whereas SHANK1 induces the enlargement of spine heads. Mutations in SHANK genes have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but their prevalence and clinical relevance remai...

The postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins Shank and Homer cooperate to induce the maturation and enlargement of dendritic spines (Sala et al., 2001). Homer1a is an activity-inducible short-splice variant of Homer that lacks dimerization capacity. Here, we show that Homer1a reduces the density and size of dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons in correlation with an inhibition of Shank t...

1. The ladykiller (lk) gene has been located on the sex chromosome of the fowl. It is 4.2 map units distant from the feathering rate locus (k) and 11.2 map units distant from the dwarf (dw) locus. 2. Most of the embryonic mortalities associated with this gene occurred between 3 and 4 d of incubation.

Vertebrate skin is characterized by its patterned array of appendages, whether feathers, hairs, or scales. In avian skin the distribution of feathers occurs on two distinct spatial levels. Grouping of feathers within discrete tracts, with bare skin lying between the tracts, is termed the macropattern, while the smaller scale periodic spacing between individual feathers is referred to as the mic...

BACKGROUND Monolimb is a transtibial prosthesis having the socket and shank molded into one piece of thermoplastic material. If properly designed, the shank of a monolimb can have a controlled deflection during walking which simulates the ankle joint motions to some extent. However, there is no clear guidance for the design of monolimb considering the dilemma between shank flexibility and struc...

In 1927 Adam reported the association of certain fermentative types of Escherichia coli with diarrhea in infants. Goldschmidt (1933) made similar observations. Bray (1945) in England demonstrated the presence of a specific serologic "O" type, 0111, of E. coli in an epidemic of diarrhea among newborn infants and focused attention on E. coli as a possible etiologic agent. Subsequent studies were ...

P. F. Lovibond and D. R. Shanks (2002) suggested that expectancy of the unconditional stimulus and emotional ratings are valid indexes of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning and that participants are aware if they can discriminate the conditional stimuli. However, research suggests that processes that are irrelevant to awareness affect these measures. Further, as awareness refers to conscious e...

In this research we design a passive controller for an above knee prosthesis. The controller is a linear spring and damper for swing phase motion, parameters of which determined via optimization of adjustment of the prosthesis shank motion with a desired shank angle trajectory comes from experimental data. In this way, we exerted a certain thigh motion, hip movement included, into the system as...

Freshly harvested white asparagus (Asparagus of®cinalis L.) spears (about 500 g per package) were over-wrapped with a 16 mm stretch ®lm. Packages were kept at 2.58C, 58C, 108C, 158C, 208C and 258C under continuous darkness or light (15 1.9 W mÿ2) for 6 days. At all temperatures, an atmosphere of 4.5±6.9% CO2 and 3±6.7% O2 developed during the ®rst hour; after 8 h, CO2 increased to a maximum of ...