A blurry background due to shallow depth of field is often desired for photographs such as portraits, but, unfortunately, small point-and-shoot cameras do not permit enough defocus because of the small diameter of their lenses. We present an image-processing technique that increases the defocus in an image to simulate the shallow depth of field of a lens with a larger aperture. Our technique es...

The acoustic field is obtained in terms of the wave number integration for a horizontally stratified ocean. The Inverse Hankel Transform is obtained for shallow water over a Layered inhomogeneous elastic bottom using “Direct global Matrix approach” with Fast Field Approximation Technique. This paper presents the determination of total solution for the depth dependence of the field: the depth de...

Gorgonian species show a high morphological variability in relation to the environment in which they live. In coastal areas, parameters such as temperature, light, currents, and food availability vary significantly with depth, potentially affecting morphology of the colonies and the structure of the populations, as well as their connectivity patterns. In tropical seas, the existence of connecti...

Subsurface geological cross sections of 0 200 m depth were constructed using a dense drilling database of the Osaka Plain in the intra-arc Osaka Basin of the Japan island arc, an active plate margin. The cross sections revealed the subsurface geological structures and the geometry of folding and faulting in the basin. The comparison between the constructed subsurface cross sections and the seis...

For very shallow indentations in W, Al, Au, and Fe-3wt%Si single crystals, hardness decreased with increasing depth irrespective of increasing or decreasing strain gradients. As such, strain gradient theory appears insufficient to explain the indentation size effect (ISE) at depths less than several hundred nanometers. Present research links the ISE to a ratio between the energy of newly create...

[1] The leakage of water from three Agulhas rings has been studied in a high resolution global ocean model using a Lagrangian particle following technique. A bowl shaped ring boundary that reaches a radius of 140 km and a depth of 800 m separates regions of fast and slow leakage. The dilution of Agulhas ring water generally increases with depth, but a shallow secondary circulation enhances leak...

A ship moving steadily forward in shallow water of constant depth h is usually subject to downward forces and hence squat, which is a potentially dangerous sinkage or increase in draft. Sinkage increases with ship speed, until it reaches a maximum at just below the critical speed p gh. Here we use both a linear transcritical shallow-water equation and a fully dispersive Ž nite-depth theory to d...

In this paper, we use the approximation of shallow water waves (Margaritondo 2005 Eur. J. Phys. 26 401) to understand the behavior of a tsunami in a variable depth. We deduce the shallow water wave equation and the continuity equation that must be satisfied when a wave encounters a discontinuity in the sea depth. A short explanation about how the tsunami hit the west coast of India is given bas...

Concern for the future of reef-building corals in conditions of rising sea temperatures combined with recent technological advances has led to a renewed interest in documenting the biodiversity of mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) and their potential to provide lineage continuation for coral taxa. Here, we examine species diversity of staghorn corals (genera Acropora and Isopora) in the mesoph...

[1] Using an integrated geophysical and geological approach based on a comparative analysis of 27 different parameters, we investigate both the location and origin of the source material for hot spot volcanoes. We report a significant correlation between extreme geochemical compositions of lavas with both shallow seismic velocities and the depth extent to which a hot spot source can be traced w...