Natural gas from organic rich shales has become an important part of the supply of natural gas in the United States. Modern drilling and stimulation techniques have increased the potential and profitability of shale gas reserves that earlier were regarded as unprofitable resources of natural gas. The most prominent property of shale gas reservoirs is the low permeability. This is also the reaso...

This paper presents a mineralogical and chemical investigation of shale deposits from the U.S. Gulf coast in order to document the mechanisms and reactions involved in the diagenetic conversion of smectite into illite. Cuttings from the 1,250 to 5,500 m stratigraphic interval of a well were sorted by grain size and analzyed by x-ray diffraction to assess chemical and mineralogical trends with d...

Abstract High-pressure, high-temperature fractured shale reservoirs are types of unconventional that need proper drilling operations for adequate efficiency. Proper measurement fluid’s rheological properties is importance may increase the penetration rate on one hand with design. Therefore, success strongly depends design fluids. In this paper, we experimentally investigated effect potassium an...

Design of power system stabilizer using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) technique. Designs that ignore noise in a plant are likely to fail when implemented in actual conditions. Presence of the noise, which results in LQR output oscillating with very small magnitude. This type of unwanted noisy output is eliminated using Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) Regulator. This paper presents techniques...

Drilling cost optimization has always been an important issue in the petroleum industry. In order to save costs and create new markets for local materials, Ofo (D. micocarpum) and food gum (C. populnea) powders were evaluated in this study at high temperature as alternative to imported chemical additives in water based drilling fluid. The base mud composed of alkali beneficiated local clay, ach...

increasing the thermal stability and resistance to bacterial attack (bioresistance) of the potato starch used in the water-based drilling fluid is the aim of this work. four types of potato starch grafted with acrylamide and a mixture of each one with acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfuric acid and itaconic acid were synthesized by manganese (iv)-induced redox system at the suit...

Natural fractures caused by tectonic stress in shale can not only improve the seepage capacity of shale, but also become migration and loss channel free gas. Calcite, quartz other minerals fracture veins record fluid evolution information shale. Through analysis different types cements Silurian–Ordovician Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations southern Sichuan Basin, effect on gas construction or destructi...

Hundreds of organic chemicals are used during natural gas extraction via high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF). However, it is unclear whether these chemicals, injected into deep shale horizons, reach shallow groundwater aquifers and affect local water quality, either from those deep HVHF injection sites or from the surface or shallow subsurface. Here, we report detectable levels of organic c...

Observations on tens-of-meter scale experiments of fault activation by fluid injection conducted in shales allow exploring how aseismic and seismic events may jeopardize the integrity a sealing caprock overlying CO2 sequestration reservoir. We contrast behavior shale faults with another set carbonates. Significant leakage occurs along initially low-permeability when rupture is activated. Most p...