The pathogenicity of two populations of the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, population 1 (P1) from alfalfa and population 2 (P2) from sainfoin, was studied on both alfalfa and sainfoin for 25 weeks. Alfalfa and sainfoin plants inoculated with P2 had significantly (P </= 0.05) higher mortality than plants inoculated with P1. Plant stands over all weeks for the uninoculat...

Although inter-variety variability for salt tolerance has been reported in bread wheat plants, little information is available on the genetic control of ion contents and biomass yield under saline conditions. A diallel cross, including reciprocals of two salt tolerant, two moderately tolerant and two sensitive Iranian and exotic bread wheat varieties, was analyzed to investigate the inheritance...

In plants encouraged by the proliferation of seed, seed to plant survival factor to maintain the role is very vital and important. In order to evaluate different size effect's on the quality seedling production during germination in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), this experiment was conducted in 2011 at Laboratory Sciences, Islamic Azad University Shahr-e-Qods Branch by a completely randomized d...

Invasive plants often have novel biotic interactions in their introduced ranges. Their defense to herbivory may differ from their native counterparts, potentially influencing the effectiveness of biological control. If invasive plants have decreased resistance but increased tolerance to enemies, insect herbivores may rapidly build up their populations but exert weak control. Moreover, resource ...

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of different originated (the same mother plants with different growers from different cities in Ethiopia) cut rose flowers to various relative humidity (RH) and recut (recut and non-recut). Three different experiments (E1, E2 and E3) using three RH (60, 75 and 90%) and three Ethiopian growing areas (Fleur, Liki and Longonot) with 10 replicatio...

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) populations collected from five crop plants, viz brinjal, cotton, potato, tomato, soybean and a weed, Sida sp., and maintained on respective host plants were studied for virus acquisition from diseased cotton plant and its subsequent transmission to healthy cotton plants. The presence of virus in whitefly and diseased plants was established by PCR amplification of CLCu...

the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), is one of the most important pests of agricultural products in iran. in this study, susceptibility of melon aphid that collected from seven regions (yazd, varamin, mohammadshahr, esfehan, karaj, hashtgerd and ramsar) was compared to pirimicarb and malathion after 24 hours in 2009. bioassay experiments on adults were carried out by u...

Herbivory-induced responses in plants can both negatively affect subsequently colonizing herbivores and mitigate the effect of herbivory on the host. However, it is still less known whether plants exhibit specific responses to specialist and generalist herbivores in non-secondary metabolite traits and how specificity to specialists and generalists differs between invasive and native plant popul...

Evolutionary biologists increasingly recognize that evolution can be constrained by trade-offs, yet our understanding of how and when such constraints are manifested and whether they restrict adaptive divergence in populations remains limited. Here, we show that spatial heterogeneity in moisture maintains a polymorphism for pungency (heat) among natural populations of wild chilies (Capsicum cha...