We studied the beneficial effects of dietary consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and two selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) derivatives (SERM-I and SERM-II) and their combined effect on serum lipids, skin dermis and adipose layers, bone marrow adipogenesis, and cytokine secretion in mice. Two different ovariectomized (OVX) models were studied: treatment began immedia...

Ebola viruses remain a substantial threat to both civilian and military populations as bioweapons, during sporadic outbreaks, and from the possibility of accidental importation from endemic regions by infected individuals. Currently, no approved therapeutics exist to treat or prevent infection by Ebola viruses. Therefore, we performed an in vitro screen of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- an...

Tamoxifen has been shown to reduce the risk of developing estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer by at least 50%, in both pre- and postmenopausal women. The current challenge is to find new agents with fewer side effects and to find agents that are specifically suitable for premenopausal women with ER-negative breast cancer. Other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as r...

Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate transcription by interacting with regulatory elements in target genes. However, known ER regulatory elements cannot explain the expression profiles of genes activated by estradiol (E2) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). We previously showed that the killer cell lectin-like receptor (NKG2E) gene is regulated by E2, tamoxifen, and raloxifene. Her...

osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enlarged bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. the mortality rate in elderly persons with hip fracture approaches 20%. half of them will be disabled in the remained life. iranian multicenter osteoporosis ...

The exact mechanism of carcinogenesis is unknown, although it is believed to involve a combination of dietary, environmental, genetic, lifestyle and hormonal causes. Prostate cancer is main problem of men, and it is believed that prostate cancer is the hormonal imbalance of the testosterone but now it has been proved clinically that estrogen hormone imbalance is also involved in the prostate ca...

The cloning of estrogen receptors (ERs) and generation of ER-deficient mice have increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of estrogen. It is conceivable that clinical trials of estrogens so far failed to improve cardiovascular health because of the poor ER isoform selectivity and tissue specificity of endogenous hormones as well as incorrect ...

Chemoprevention plays an important role in the prevention of cancer. Due to being an estrogen-dependent cancer, breast carcinomas are ideal candidate for chemoprevention. The two main approaches to chemoprevention of breast cancer are to attain a balance in estrogen or to eliminate all estrogens by selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). A series of clinic...

In the elderly population, osteoporosis is a significant clinical problem leading to disability and even death. Many patients remain untreated, despite effective therapies, because of patients' unwillingness to take current therapies or inability to tolerate the therapies. For this reason, ongoing research continues to search for more effective and tolerable osteoporosis agents. Bazedoxifene is...