A modeling of the soil structure and surface roughness by means of the concepts of the fractal growth is presented. Two parameters are used to control the model: the fragmentation dimension, Df , and the maximum mass of the deposited aggregates, Mmax. The fragmentation dimension is related to the particle size distribution through the relation N(r ≥ R) ∼ Rf , where N(r ≥ R) is the accumulative ...

The spatial variation and distribution features of the metals tested in the surface runoff in Xikuangshan Bao Daxing miming area were analyzed by combining statistical methods with a geographic information system (GIS). The results showed that the maximum concentrations of those five kinds of the metals (Sb, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in the surface runoff of the antimony mining area were lower than t...

Spatial estimations are increasingly used to estimate geocoded ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations in epidemiologic studies because measures of daily PM concentrations are unavailable in most U.S. locations. This study was conducted to a) assess the feasibility of large-scale kriging estimations of daily residential-level ambient PM concentrations, b) perform and compare cross-valida...

introduction: as the statistical time series are in short period and the meteorological station are not distributed well in mountainous area determining of climatic criteria are complex. therefore, in recent years interpolation methods for establishment of continuous climatic data have been considered. continuous daily maximum temperature data are a key factor for climate-crop modeling which is...

Several authors have proposed nonparametric semivariogram estimators. Shapiro & Botha (1991) did so by application of Bochner’s theorem and Cherry, Banfield & Quimby (1996) further investigated this technique where it performed favorably against parametric estimators even when data were generated under the parametric model. While this approach is sound, it lacks nugget estimation which is essen...

Research was conducted in a forest adjacent to an abandoned acid mine tailings site to assess forest structural health using high spatial and spectral resolution digital camera imagery. Conventional approaches to this problem involve the use image spectral information, basic spectral transformations, or occasionally spatial transformations of image brightness. This research introduces fractiona...